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Atmosphere
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Wake Flows and Air Quality in the Atmosphere
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Wake Flows and Air Quality in the Atmosphere

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2020) | Viewed by 10635

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Frederic Murzyn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Air Quality and Depollution Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ESTACA, 53061 Laval, France
Interests: pollutant dispersion; wind tunnel; air quality; experimental fluid mechanics; turbulence; flow around obstacles; aerodynamics; two-phase flows; flow-structure interaction
Dr. Georges Fokoua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Air Quality and Depollution Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ESTACA, 53061 Laval, France
Interests: pollutant dispersion; wind tunnel; air quality; experimental fluid mechanics; turbulence; flow around obstacles; aerodynamics; CFD
Prof. Dr. Ram Balachandar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Interests: hydraulic engineering; fluid Mechanics; turbulence; scour; jets and wakes; fluid-structure interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite researchers to contribute original research articles, as well as review articles, dealing with all aspects of wake flows and air quality related to the atmosphere. Pollutants are released in the atmosphere by transportation systems (cars, trains, buses, planes, etc.) and industries. Once in the surrounding air, their behavior and dynamics are strongly influenced by different parameters, such as (but not limited to) obstacles, buildings, vehicles, canopy, street architecture, etc. Thus, the interaction between wake flows and pollutant dispersion/concentration is a major concern. In the present Special Issue, we are interested in this topic in the context of air quality. Related issues are of primary importance in terms of health and environmental purposes. The expected contributions should include recent experimental (in situ, wind tunnel, etc.) and modeling (CFD, analytical) works, techniques, and developments dedicated to the understanding of related wake flows and their interaction with pollutant dispersion and air quality. Papers dealing with these concerns are particularly expected. Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Pollutant dispersion in the wake of cars, trains, and buses;
  • Wake flow and flow topology applied to transportation systems;
  • Interaction between vehicles;
  • Pollution around buildings related to air quality;
  • Urban flow and street network;
  • Chimney and chemical release;
  • Boundary layer and interaction with canopy;
  • Dispersion modeling;
  • Data from new field campaigns in cities and wind tunnel experiments;
  • Estimation of pollutant infiltration in cabins and/or dispersion;
  • Comparison between CFD models and experiments;
  • Particle emissions.

Dr. Frederic Murzyn
Dr. Georges Fokoua
Prof. Ram Balachandar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wake flows
  • pollutant dispersion/emission/infiltration
  • air quality
  • atmospheric pollution
  • building and canyon streets
  • atmospheric boundary layer
  • CFD
  • pollutant related to transportation systems
  • experimental investigations (wind tunnel, in situ measurements, etc.)

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3666 KiB  
Article
Experimental Assessment of Dust Emissions on Compacted Soils Degraded by Traffic
by Mickael Le Vern, Ouardia Sediki, Andry Razakamanantsoa, Frédéric Murzyn and Frédérique Larrarte
Atmosphere 2020, 11(4), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040369 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3310
Abstract
Haul traffic on earthworks runways during construction works is an important factor of dust emission. Compacted soils surface become progressively degraded as the number of wheels passing increases. Fine particles are then segregated from the soil surface and lifted when the shear stress [...] Read more.
Haul traffic on earthworks runways during construction works is an important factor of dust emission. Compacted soils surface become progressively degraded as the number of wheels passing increases. Fine particles are then segregated from the soil surface and lifted when the shear stress generated by the flow above the surface increases, leading to the worsening of air quality and reduction of visibility. Laboratory tests were performed to assess dust emissions on traffic degraded soils. Mixtures of kaolin clay and sand were compacted using a laboratory roller compactor and were degraded using a vehicle simulator. Models describing the evolutions of soil degradation and Particle Size Distribution (PSD) during traffic were established. Then, the velocity profiles above each soil sample were obtained in a wind tunnel. The experimental results were analyzed to determine the Reynolds shear stresses generated by the turbulence of the flow. PSD, degradation and stresses were implemented in the Convective Turbulent Dust Emission (CTDE) model to estimate the dust emission flux of the soils for several passes of the wheel. A comparison between results from the model and field measurements underlines that turbulence is not the main contributor to dust emissions when a vehicle is in motion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wake Flows and Air Quality in the Atmosphere)
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17 pages, 6351 KiB  
Article
Effects of Rear Angle on the Turbulent Wake Flow between Two in-Line Ahmed Bodies
by Ebenezer Essel, Subhadip Das and Ram Balachandar
Atmosphere 2020, 11(4), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040328 - 28 Mar 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3936
Abstract
Understanding the wake characteristics between two in-line vehicles is essential for improving and developing new strategies for reducing in-cabin air pollution. In this study, Ahmed bodies are used to investigate the effects of the rear slant angle of a leading vehicle on the [...] Read more.
Understanding the wake characteristics between two in-line vehicles is essential for improving and developing new strategies for reducing in-cabin air pollution. In this study, Ahmed bodies are used to investigate the effects of the rear slant angle of a leading vehicle on the mean flow and turbulent statistics between two vehicles. The experiments were conducted with a particle image velocimetry at a fixed Reynolds number, R e H = 1.7 × 10 4 , and inter-vehicle spacing distance of 0.75 L , where H and L are the height and length of the model. The rear slant angles investigated were a reference square back, high-drag angle ( α = 25 ° ) and low-drag angle ( α = 35 ° ). The mean velocities, Reynolds stresses, production of turbulent kinetic energy and instantaneous swirling strength are used to provide physical insight into the wake dynamics between the two bodies. The results indicate that the recirculation region behind the square back Ahmed body increases while those behind the slant rear-end bodies decreases in the presence of a follower. For the square back models, the dominant motion in the wake region is a strong upwash of jet-like flow away from the road but increasing the rear slant angle induces a stronger downwash flow that suppresses the upwash and dominates the wake region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wake Flows and Air Quality in the Atmosphere)
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Graphical abstract

23 pages, 4154 KiB  
Article
Car Wake Flows and Ultrafine Particle Dispersion: From Experiments to Modelling
by Frédéric Murzyn, Georges Fokoua, Romain Rodriguez, Chenhao Shen, Frédérique Larrarte and Amine Mehel
Atmosphere 2020, 11(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010039 - 28 Dec 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2885
Abstract
Improving air quality in urban environments and transportation systems is crucial. Concerns are related to health and environmental issues associated with huge costs. Car cabin is a microenvironment where pollutants can accumulate with possible risks for occupants. In automotive engineering, it has then [...] Read more.
Improving air quality in urban environments and transportation systems is crucial. Concerns are related to health and environmental issues associated with huge costs. Car cabin is a microenvironment where pollutants can accumulate with possible risks for occupants. In automotive engineering, it has then become mandatory to study the path and dispersion of such pollutants emitted from the tailpipe of a car. In the present paper, the relation between the flow topology and the dispersion of ultrafine particles (UFP) in the wake of a vehicle is discussed. Experiments were undertaken at a reduced scale using simplified car models. Experimental conditions were defined to be representative of a vehicle in an urban environment. Based on experimental data, a simplified analytical model is developed, which aims at describing the concentration fields of UFP in the wake of a single vehicle for different rear slant angles. The strengths and limits of the present model are discussed and ways of improvements are suggested. Additional experiments are presented to assess the influence of the inter-vehicle distance on this recirculation region. Critical inter-vehicle distances were determined based on defined criteria for different rear slant angles of the leading vehicle and compared to safety clearances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wake Flows and Air Quality in the Atmosphere)
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