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Atmosphere
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Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment
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Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2022) | Viewed by 20702

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongming Han

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Kejilou 601, Beisanhuan east road 15, Choayang district, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: early warning modeling; safety analysis; efficiency evaluation and prediction; data fusion and fuzzy hierarchy fusion; software design and development; carbon emission reduction and system optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nanjun Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy Engineering, College of Science, Hanyang University (HYU), Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: renewable energy conversion and storage; polymer electrolyte fuel cells; hydrogen fuel cells; water electrolysis; lithium battery; water treatment; CO2 reduction; vanadium redox battery
Dr. Merja Tölle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Mönchebergstraße 19, 34125 Kassel, Germany
Interests: climate variability and change; land–atmosphere interactions; numerical and statistical modelling; micrometeorology; water/energy/carbon cycle

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the increase of human social activities, environmental protection and atmospheric environmental efficiency improvement have attracted increasing attention from the environment and atmospheric research communities, especially in the atmosphere, water resources, renewable energy, and process industries, etc. Traditional mechanism model analysis and actual production verification methods lead to the disadvantages of difficult efficiency evaluation, high complexity, and excessive cost. Through data analysis and artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks, principal component analysis, data computing, etc., atmospheric and environmental utilization efficiency can be evaluated based on data-driven methods. This can reduce the unnecessary influence factors in the actual atmospheric and environmental efficiency evaluation process, and quickly establish the atmospheric and environmental efficiency evaluation model, which is conducive to the realization of atmosphere protection and emission reduction, and then improve the environmental protection efficiency.

Dr. Yongming Han
Dr. Nanjun Chen
Dr. Merja Tölle
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Data and model driven
  • Intelligent optimization
  • Environmental impact and risk assessment
  • Atmospheric and environmental physics
  • Climate change and variability
  • Land–atmosphere interactions
  • Efficiency evaluation
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Data mining and fusion
  • Environmental protection
  • Energy saving and optimization
  • Air pollution emissions
  • Renewable energy
  • Hydrology and hydrogen energy
  • High-efficiency energy devices
  • Water and wastewater treatment
  • Neural network
  • Deep learning
  • Urban heat island
  • Environmental engineering

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3425 KiB  
Article
Optimized Cool Coatings as a Strategy to Improve Urban Equivalent Albedo at Various Latitudes
by Mattia Manni and Andrea Nicolini
Atmosphere 2021, 12(10), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101335 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1398
Abstract
This research study aimed to investigate the influences of angular-selective retro-reflective (AS-RR) and retro-reflective (RR) materials on the urban equivalent albedo (αeq). Full ray tracing solar analyses were conducted through the Monte Carlo-based numerical model validated in a previous work. Different [...] Read more.
This research study aimed to investigate the influences of angular-selective retro-reflective (AS-RR) and retro-reflective (RR) materials on the urban equivalent albedo (αeq). Full ray tracing solar analyses were conducted through the Monte Carlo-based numerical model validated in a previous work. Different geometry scenarios with different patterns of urban density were modelled. AS-RR and RR materials were alternately applied to the street and to the most irradiated façade. AS-RR materials were proposed to enhance the αeq of the urban environment particularly during summer. Solar analyses were reiterated for three latitudes (i.e., Oslo, Milan, Cairo). RR pavements and façades were capable of increasing the αeq throughout the year. However, implementing an angular-selective behavior allowed for a reduction of the mitigation potential of RR materials during the winter season. In their best application, RR and AS-RR materials enabled higher αeq in summer (122%) with negligible effects during the winter (7%). Finally, the study highlighted the need for exploiting numerical models capable of conducting full ray tracing solar analyses when investigating materials whose optical properties depend on the angle of incidence of the sunrays (such as RR materials). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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13 pages, 2892 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Reducing Electricity Consumption of Air Conditioning Equipment by Condenser Direct Evaporative Cooling Technology. Example of Case Study in Dubai
by Anatolijs Borodinecs, Kristina Lebedeva, Aleksejs Prozuments, Arturs Brahmanis, Aldis Grekis, Deniss Zajecs, Artis Zekunde and Nikolai Vatin
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091205 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3237
Abstract
The use of air conditioning technology is accompanied by an increase in electricity consumption, which is linked to an intensification of fossil fuel extraction. This in turn calls for developing cooling solutions of higher energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to [...] Read more.
The use of air conditioning technology is accompanied by an increase in electricity consumption, which is linked to an intensification of fossil fuel extraction. This in turn calls for developing cooling solutions of higher energy efficiency. The aim of this study is to examine energy consumption reduction of direct evaporative cooling technology for generating cool air in hot-dry climate regions. At the initial stage, already-installed air cooling equipment with a direct evaporative cooling system was studied for the creation of two regression models of electricity consumption representing the “on” and “off” sequences. Water consumption for system operation was taken into consideration. In the following stage, inlet water temperature dependence for pre-cooling purposes for the direct evaporative cooling system was studied. A mathematical model was developed and the subsequent calculations suggested that there is no need to pre-cool water before it enters the system and therefore consume additional energy. Practical application of this study is evaluated based on the case study in Dubai. The results of this study present significant energy saving potential for system operations of the direct evaporative cooling system of approximately 122 MWh per year. The return on investment for the equipment with direct evaporative cooling in case of an office building in Dubai featuring a hot desert climate is around 4.2 years. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential advantage of air cooling equipment with direct evaporative cooling technology compared to cooling equipment without this technology. The results provide the expediency of conducting further research in this area, in particular with regards to analyzing various materials for the adiabatic precooling pads, as well as the possibility of using a newly developed metal precooling pad. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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24 pages, 5187 KiB  
Article
Immobilized Microalgae-Based Photobioreactor for CO2 Capture (IMC-CO2PBR): Efficiency Estimation, Technological Parameters, and Prototype Concept
by Marcin Dębowski, Mirosław Krzemieniewski, Marcin Zieliński and Joanna Kazimierowicz
Atmosphere 2021, 12(8), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081031 - 12 Aug 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5417
Abstract
Microalgae-mediated CO2 sequestration has been a subject of numerous research works and has become one of the most promising strategies to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. However, feeding flue and exhaust gas into algae-based systems has been shown to destroy chloroplasts, as well [...] Read more.
Microalgae-mediated CO2 sequestration has been a subject of numerous research works and has become one of the most promising strategies to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. However, feeding flue and exhaust gas into algae-based systems has been shown to destroy chloroplasts, as well as disrupt photosynthesis and other metabolic processes in microalgae, which directly limits CO2 uptake. CO2 biosequestration in existing photobioreactors (PBRs) is also limited by the low biomass concentration in the growth medium. Therefore, there is a real need to seek alternative solutions that would be competitive in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. The present paper reports the results of experiments aimed to develop an innovative trickle bed reactor that uses immobilized algae to capture CO2 from flue and exhaust gas (IMC-CO2PBR). In the experiment, ambient air enriched with technical-grade CO2 to a CO2 concentration of 25% v/v was used. The microalgae immobilization technology employed in the experiment produced biomass yields approximating 100 g DM/dm3. A relationship was found between CO2 removal rates and gas volume flux: almost 40% of CO2 was removed at a feed of 25 dm3 of gas per hour, whereas in the 200 dm3/h group, the removal efficiency amounted to 5.9%. The work includes a determination of basic process parameters, presentation of a developed functional model and optimized lighting system, proposals for components to be used in the system, and recommendations for an automation and control system for a full-scale implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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16 pages, 1507 KiB  
Article
Energy and Environmental Implications of Using Energy-Harvesting Speed Humps in Nablus City, Palestine
by Fady M. A. Hassouna, Mahmoud Assad, Islam Koa, Wesam Rabaya, Aya Aqhash, Aya Rahhal and Huda Saqf-Alhait
Atmosphere 2021, 12(8), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080937 - 21 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3895
Abstract
Over the last three decades, transportation has become one of the main energy-consuming sectors around the world and, as a result, large amounts of emissions are produced, contributing to global warming, climate change, and health problems. Therefore, huge investments and efforts have been [...] Read more.
Over the last three decades, transportation has become one of the main energy-consuming sectors around the world and, as a result, large amounts of emissions are produced, contributing to global warming, climate change, and health problems. Therefore, huge investments and efforts have been made by governments and international institutions to find new renewable and clean sources of energy. As a contribution to these efforts, this study determined the practical energy and environmental implications of replacing conventional speed humps with energy-harvesting speed humps in Nablus city, Palestine. The study was implemented using an energy-harvesting speed hump (EHSH) system developed in the laboratories at An-Najah National University and based on comprehensive traffic volume counts at all speed humps’ locations. In addition, a traffic volume prediction model was developed in order to determine the implications over the next 10 years. As a result of the study, the expected annual amount of generated energy was determined. Moreover, the expected reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the reduction in the cost of roadway network lighting were determined based on the current and future traffic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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20 pages, 1521 KiB  
Article
Atmospheric PM2.5 Prediction Based on Multiple Model Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter
by Jihan Li, Xiaoli Li, Kang Wang and Guimei Cui
Atmosphere 2021, 12(5), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050607 - 7 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1813
Abstract
The PM2.5 concentration model is the key to predict PM2.5 concentration. During the prediction of atmospheric PM2.5 concentration based on prediction model, the prediction model of PM2.5 concentration cannot be usually accurately described. For the PM2.5 concentration model [...] Read more.
The PM2.5 concentration model is the key to predict PM2.5 concentration. During the prediction of atmospheric PM2.5 concentration based on prediction model, the prediction model of PM2.5 concentration cannot be usually accurately described. For the PM2.5 concentration model in the same period, the dynamic characteristics of the model will change under the influence of many factors. Similarly, for different time periods, the corresponding models of PM2.5 concentration may be different, and the single model cannot play the corresponding ability to predict PM2.5 concentration. The single model leads to the decline of prediction accuracy. To improve the accuracy of PM2.5 concentration prediction in this solution, a multiple model adaptive unscented Kalman filter (MMAUKF) method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the PM2.5 concentration data in three time periods of the day are taken as the research object, the nonlinear state space model frame of a support vector regression (SVR) method is established. Secondly, the frame of the SVR model in three time periods is combined with an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) to predict PM2.5 concentration in the next hour, respectively. Then, the predicted value of three time periods is fused into the final predicted PM2.5 concentration by Bayesian weighting method. Finally, the proposed method is compared with the single support vector regression-adaptive unscented Kalman filter (SVR-AUKF), autoregressive model-Kalman (AR-Kalman), autoregressive model (AR) and back propagation neural network (BP). The prediction results show that the accuracy of PM2.5 concentration prediction is improved in whole time period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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12 pages, 3285 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of a Wide Dynamic Range and High Resolution Atmospheric Aerosol Water-Based Supersaturation Condensation Growth Measurement System
by Jiejie Bian, Huaqiao Gui, Xiuli Wei, Tongzhu Yu, Zhibo Xie, Jie Wang and Jianguo Liu
Atmosphere 2021, 12(5), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050558 - 26 Apr 2021
Viewed by 1891
Abstract
The supersaturated condensation of atmospheric aerosol is important in the study of mechanisms of cloud condensation and even heavy air pollution. The existing technology cannot realize accurate dynamic control of wide range supersaturation, so it is difficult to study condensation growth characteristics of [...] Read more.
The supersaturated condensation of atmospheric aerosol is important in the study of mechanisms of cloud condensation and even heavy air pollution. The existing technology cannot realize accurate dynamic control of wide range supersaturation, so it is difficult to study condensation growth characteristics of nanoparticles through different levels of supersaturation. Here, a supersaturated condensation growth measurement system with three-stage microscope pipes was developed. The resolution of supersaturated condensation system is 0.14, within the range of 0.92 to 2.33 after calibration. Stabilization time is only about 80 s for saturation range 0.92–1.01, which helps to control saturation rapidly, and the control deviation of saturation is no more than 0.06. Measurement of different supersaturated condensation growth control conditions showed that, the particle size increased significantly compared with hygroscopic growth at high humidity. For single-component particles, the increase in size increased to a similar size at the same saturation, with a difference within 7.4%. The increase in size for ammonium sulfate (AS) increased by 13.4–30.2% relative to that of glucose. For the mixed-component, the increase in size decreased about 15.9–25.0% with the increase of the glucose. Because the glucose coating on the surface of AS have hindered particle growth. This also shows that atmospheric ultrafine particles, especially inorganic salt particles, will rapidly grow into larger particles under supersaturated conditions such as increased environmental humidity, thus having some impact on environmental pollution and climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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14 pages, 5195 KiB  
Article
Responses of the Optical Properties and Distribution of Aerosols to the Summer Monsoon in the Main Climate Zones of China
by Bing Bai, Qiang Zhang, Dan Tan, Pengcheng Huang and Fei Yin
Atmosphere 2021, 12(4), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040482 - 11 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1689
Abstract
The influence of aerosols on climate varies greatly within different spatial zones. China has a very prominent summer monsoon climate and summer monsoon activity basically determines the climate distribution pattern. Consequently, we need to understand the aerosol optical properties and spatial distribution under [...] Read more.
The influence of aerosols on climate varies greatly within different spatial zones. China has a very prominent summer monsoon climate and summer monsoon activity basically determines the climate distribution pattern. Consequently, we need to understand the aerosol optical properties and spatial distribution under the background of summer monsoon activity in China, which is the basis for further research on the impact of aerosols on the climate system. Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) data, the spatial response of the high aerosol optical depth (AOD) region in China to the advance and retreat of summer monsoon was analyzed. The main types of aerosol and the contribution of each type of aerosol particles to the total AOD were discussed. The results showed that before the landing of summer monsoon, the high value areas of AOD were distributed in the eastern Sichuan Basin, Changsha, Wuhan and Pearl River Delta regions. With the northward advance of the monsoon, the high value areas moved to the transition region affected by the summer monsoon and the AOD in this region was highly sensitive to the summer monsoon. The main aerosol types were dust and sulfate in this region and the contribution to total AOD was 27% and 57%, respectively; before the monsoon onset, the contribution of dust to total AOD was 16%, and that of sulfate was 18%; after the monsoon onset, the contribution of dust decreased by half to 8%, while the contribution of sulfate aerosol increased to 20%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficiency Evaluation in Atmospheric Environment)
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