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Atmosphere
Special Issues
Remote Sensing and Modelling of Wind Fields
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Remote Sensing and Modelling of Wind Fields

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2022) | Viewed by 5593

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Damien Martin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
Interests: emission inventory; air pollution; atmospheric boundary layer
Dr. Jana Preissler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
2. Leosphere, Vaisala, Tech Park, 6A Rue René Razel 91 400, 91400 Saclay, France
Interests: ground-based remote sensing of the atmosphere; clouds; wind fields; aerosols; doppler wind lidar; cloud radar; ceilometer; microwave radiometer
Dr. Praveen Pandey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
Interests: satellite-based remote sensing of the atmosphere; clouds; wind fields; aerosols; satellite retrieval algorithms; meteorological modelling; data fusion; air quality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wind speed and direction play an important role in the atmosphere of the Earth by being a key player in defining weather and climate. Understanding of wind opens door to a better understanding of various atmospheric processes and applications, e.g., boundary layer meteorology, atmospheric turbulence, air quality processes, land-sea breeze phenomena, extreme events like cyclones, damage associated with extreme wind events, wind energy, among others. Thus, this special issue is dedicated to various modes of observation and modelling of wind fields and associated atmospheric parameters. Studies focusing on modelling exercises with ground-based and space-based remote sensing of wind over land and ocean, low-level jets, data fusion of various modes of wind observations, are specially invited. This special issue, in general, is open to studies comprising simulations using high resolution models dealing with wind that identify processes/events affecting weather and climate , inter-comparison of satellite estimates against ground-based wind observations, including, validating new space-based instruments and/or algorithms against network of ground-based instruments. Contributions focusing on remote sensing/modelling of other atmospheric parameters having an impact on wind fields are also welcome.

Dr. Damien Martin
Dr. Jana Preissler
Dr. Praveen Pandey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind speed and direction
  • remote sensing
  • meteorological modelling
  • extreme events
  • low-level jets
  • satellite
  • LIDAR

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5510 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Mesosphere Wind Measurement with Multiple Emission Lines of the O2(0-1) Band Using Space-Based Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne
by Di Fu, Hengxiang Zhao, Juan Li, Kuijun Wu, Chenguang Chang, Lu Bai, Yutao Feng and Xuebin Liu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081309 - 17 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1590
Abstract
For space-based atmospheric wind measurements, full-link simulation is critical for the optimization of the instrument indicators and the evaluation of the measurements’ performance. This paper presents observation simulations and error verification of the mesosphere wind measurement with four emission lines of the O [...] Read more.
For space-based atmospheric wind measurements, full-link simulation is critical for the optimization of the instrument indicators and the evaluation of the measurements’ performance. This paper presents observation simulations and error verification of the mesosphere wind measurement with four emission lines of the O2(0-1) band by using the space-based Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH), named the Mesosphere Wind Image Interferometer (MWII). The passive wind measurement principle and the DASH concept are first described. The full-link simulation consists of radiation simulation, the instrument forward model, and the wind retrieval model. The four emission lines at about 866.5 nm of the O2(0-1) band were selected as the observation targets. The radiation characteristics of the target lines were studied and calculated, as well as the background radiation. Based on the LOS radiation integral model, a numerical simulation of the raw observation data was carried out using the instrument model. The interference fringe priority strategy and joint wind decision method were proposed to achieve multiple-emission-line wind retrieval with higher precision. In the simulation, multiple-line retrieval could improve the precision by more than 30% compared to single-line retrieval under the same conditions. The error simulation indicated that the wind profile precision was 3–9 m/s in the altitude range of 50–110 km, with an average accuracy of about 1 m/s, proving that the scheme of MWII has good altitude coverage of the whole mesosphere and a part of the lower thermosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Modelling of Wind Fields)
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14 pages, 8363 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Assimilating Winds Observed during a Tropical Cyclone on a Forecasting Model
by Jin-Young Kim, Steve Albers, Purnendranath Sen, Hyun-Goo Kim, Keunhoon Kim and Su-Jin Hwang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081302 - 16 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1463
Abstract
The accurate and timely depiction of the state of severe weather is critical for enhancing forecaster situational awareness. This study attempted to develop a hurricane forecasting model with a warm-start run and investigated the impact of winds observed during a tropical cyclone on [...] Read more.
The accurate and timely depiction of the state of severe weather is critical for enhancing forecaster situational awareness. This study attempted to develop a hurricane forecasting model with a warm-start run and investigated the impact of winds observed during a tropical cyclone on long-term lead times. The Hurricane Research System initialized with the Hurricane Local Analysis Prediction System (HRS/HLAPS) was applied to Hurricanes Katrina and Dennis (2005). The forecasting model used a warm-start run with 7% improved wind data and cloud initialization using the HLAPS. The simulated cyclones were more intense and realistic structures, although the performance varied slightly according to the lead time and cyclone characteristics. The results show that the tropical cyclone development (track and intensity) was significantly affected by initial forcing up to 6–12 h, as well as by the forcing of the limit condition after 6 h. The well-organized spiral bands of convective precipitations were also captured, particularly within the 6 h spin-up time due to vertical wind shear and water vapor trapped in the lower atmosphere. This study demonstrates that aircraft-observed winds and convective initialization can be useful for numerical modeling and operational forecasting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Modelling of Wind Fields)
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24 pages, 6344 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Novaya Zemlya Bora on the Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Exchange and Ocean Circulation: A Case-Study with the Coupled Model
by Anna A. Shestakova and Andrey V. Debolskiy
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071108 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Novaya Zemlya bora is a strong downslope windstorm in the east of the Barents Sea. This paper considers the influence of the Novaya Zemlya bora on the turbulent heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean and on processes in the ocean. Another [...] Read more.
Novaya Zemlya bora is a strong downslope windstorm in the east of the Barents Sea. This paper considers the influence of the Novaya Zemlya bora on the turbulent heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean and on processes in the ocean. Another goal of this study is to demonstrate the sensitivity of simulated turbulent fluxes during bora to model coupling between atmosphere, ocean and sea waves. In this regard, a high-resolution numerical simulation of one winter bora episode was carried out using the COAWST (Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) modeling system, which includes the atmospheric (WRF-ARW model), oceanic (ROMS model), and sea waves (SWAN model) components. As shown by the simulation results, in the fully coupled experiment, turbulent heat exchange is enhanced in comparison with the uncoupled experiment (by 3% on average over the region). This is due to the atmosphere-sea-waves interaction, and the results are highly sensitive to the choice of roughness parameterization. The influence of the interaction of the atmospheric and oceanic components on turbulent fluxes in this episode is small on average. Bora has a significant impact on the processes in the ocean directly near the coast, forming a strong coastal current and making a decisive contribution to the formation of dense waters. In the open sea, the bora, or rather, the redistribution of the wind and temperature fields caused by the orography of Novaya Zemlya, leads to a decrease in ocean heat content losses due to a decrease in turbulent heat exchange in comparison with the experiment with flat topography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Modelling of Wind Fields)
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