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High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
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High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 10823

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yu Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Interests: design of novel nanomaterials for clean energy for batteries and the fundamental science of energy storage systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are an attractive alternative due to the abundance of their components in the earth and the low cost of sodium. Therefore, this Special Issue is designed to focus on updating the field of energy storage with the latest advances and prospects regarding various aspects of NIBs. Researchers are invited to submit their original research and review/perspective articles for publication in this Special Issue.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Various types of NIBs: metal oxides, polyanionic compounds, Prussian blue (PB), organic cathodes, Na-S, Na-O2;
  • Design strategies of electrodes, electrolytes, and separators for NIBs;
  • Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI);
  • Cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI);
  • NIBs for low/high-temperature conditions;
  • Battery life and safety;
  • Flexible NIBs;
  • Solid-state NIBs;
  • NIBs for electric vehicles.

Dr. Yu Jiang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • NIBs, Na-metal batteries, Na-S, Na-O2
  • design strategies of electrodes, electrolytes, and separators
  • solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)
  • cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI)
  • low/high-temperature performance
  • battery life and safety
  • flexible NIBs
  • solid-state NIBs
  • electric vehicles

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4381 KiB  
Article
An Investigation into Electrolytes and Cathodes for Room-Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
by Hakeem Ademola Adeoye, Stephen Tennison, John F. Watts and Constantina Lekakou
Batteries 2024, 10(6), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10060216 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 841
Abstract
In the pursuit of high energy density batteries beyond lithium, room-temperature (RT) sodium–sulfur (Na-S) batteries are studied, combining sulfur, as a high energy density active cathode material and a sodium anode considered to offer high energy density and very good standard potential. Different [...] Read more.
In the pursuit of high energy density batteries beyond lithium, room-temperature (RT) sodium–sulfur (Na-S) batteries are studied, combining sulfur, as a high energy density active cathode material and a sodium anode considered to offer high energy density and very good standard potential. Different liquid electrolyte systems, including three different salts and two different solvents, are investigated in RT Na-S battery cells, on the basis of the solubility of sulfur and sulfides, specific capacity, and cyclability of the cells at different C-rates. Two alternative cathode host materials are explored: A bimodal pore size distribution activated carbon host AC MSC30 and a highly conductive carbon host of hollow particles with porous particle walls. An Na-S cell with a cathode coating with 44 wt% sulfur in the AC MSC30 host and the electrolyte 1M NaFSI in DOL/DME exhibited a specific capacity of 435 mAh/gS but poor cyclability. An Na-S cell with a cathode coating with 44 wt% sulfur in the host of hollow porous particles and the electrolyte 1M NaTFSI in TEGDME exhibited a specific capacity of 688 mAh/gS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries)
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13 pages, 4937 KiB  
Article
Modification of Layered Cathodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries with Conducting Polymers
by M. Ángeles Hidalgo, Pedro Lavela, José L. Tirado and Manuel Aranda
Batteries 2024, 10(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10030093 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1899
Abstract
Layered oxides exhibit interesting performance as positive electrodes for commercial sodium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the replacement of low-sustainable nickel with more abundant iron would be desirable. Although it can be achieved in P2-Na2/3Ni2/9Fe2/9Mn5/9O2, its [...] Read more.
Layered oxides exhibit interesting performance as positive electrodes for commercial sodium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the replacement of low-sustainable nickel with more abundant iron would be desirable. Although it can be achieved in P2-Na2/3Ni2/9Fe2/9Mn5/9O2, its performance still requires further improvement. Many imaginative strategies such as surface modification have been proposed to minimize undesirable interactions at the cathode–electrolyte interface while facilitating sodium insertion in different materials. Here, we examine four different approaches based on the use of the electron-conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as an additive: (i) electrochemical in situ polymerization of the monomer, (ii) manual mixing with the active material, (iii) coating the current collector, and (iv) a combination of the latter two methods. As compared with pristine layered oxide, the electrochemical performance shows a particularly effective way of increasing cycling stability by using electropolymerization. Contrarily, the mixtures show less improvement, probably due to the heterogeneous distribution of oxide and polymer in the samples. In contrast with less conductive polyanionic cathode materials such as phosphates, the beneficial effects of PEDOT on oxide cathodes are not as much in rate performance as in inhibiting cycling degradation, due to the compactness of the electrodes without loss of electrical contact between active particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries)
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19 pages, 4368 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Calcination Duration on the Electrochemical Properties of Na2Ti3O7 as Anode Material for Na-Ion Batteries
by Caroline Piffet, Nicolas Eshraghi, Gregory Mottet, Frédéric Hatert, Jolanta Światowska, Rudi Cloots, Frédéric Boschini and Abdelfattah Mahmoud
Batteries 2023, 9(10), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9100495 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1832
Abstract
The growing interest in Na-ion batteries as a “beyond lithium” technologies for energy storage drives the research for high-performance and environment-friendly materials. Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) as an eco-friendly, low-cost anode material shows a very low working potential of 0.3 [...] Read more.
The growing interest in Na-ion batteries as a “beyond lithium” technologies for energy storage drives the research for high-performance and environment-friendly materials. Na2Ti3O7 (NTO) as an eco-friendly, low-cost anode material shows a very low working potential of 0.3 V vs. Na+/Na but suffers from poor cycling stability, which properties can be significantly influenced by materials synthesis and treatment. Thus, in this work, the influence of the calcination time on the electrochemical performance and the reaction mechanism during cycling were investigated. NTO heat-treated for 48 h at 800 °C (NTO-48h) demonstrated enhanced cycling performance in comparison to NTO heat-treated for only 8 h (NTO-8h). The pristine material was thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser granulometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area measurements. The reaction mechanisms induced by sodiation/desodiation and cycling were investigated by operando XRD. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to evidence the evolution of the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) and modification of charge transfer resistances as well as the influence of cycling on capacity decay. The evolution of the crystallographic structure of NTO-48h revealed a more ordered structure and lower surface contamination compared to NTO-8h. Moreover, the residual Na4Ti3O7 phase detected after the sodium extraction step in NTO-8h seems correlated to the lower electrochemical performance of NTO-8h compared to NTO-48h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries)
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12 pages, 6952 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Alloy-Modified Sodiophilic Current Collectors for Anode-Less Sodium Metal Batteries
by Xiaolong Cheng, Dongjun Li, Shen Peng, Pengcheng Shi, Huili Yu, Yu Jiang and Shikuo Li
Batteries 2023, 9(8), 408; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080408 - 4 Aug 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
Anode-less sodium metal batteries have drawn dramatica attention owing to their high specific energy and low cost. However, the growth of sodium dendrites and the resulting loss of active materials and serious safety concerns hinder their practical applications. In this work, a bismuth-based [...] Read more.
Anode-less sodium metal batteries have drawn dramatica attention owing to their high specific energy and low cost. However, the growth of sodium dendrites and the resulting loss of active materials and serious safety concerns hinder their practical applications. In this work, a bismuth-based modification layer with good sodiophilicity is constructed on the surface of Cu foil (denoted as Cu@Bi) to control the deposition of Na metal. The activation-derived porous Na-rich alloy phase can provide abundant nucleation sites and reduce the nucleation overpotential to induce the uniform and dense deposition of Na metal. When evaluated in half cell, the Cu@Bi current collectors can operate for 750 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, with an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.5%. When the current density is improved to 2 mA cm−2, the Cu@Bi can also stably maintain for 750 cycles, demonstrating the remarkable effect of the modification layer. When coupled with the Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the full cell exhibits stable cycle performance over 80 cycles. The modification strategy of alloy modification can provide fresh ideas for the research and application of anode-less and even anode-free metal batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries)
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13 pages, 5822 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the Air Stability of P2-Layered Transition Metal Oxides by Nb Doping in Sodium Ion Batteries
by Yanyan Chen, Qinhao Shi, Shengyu Zhao, Wuliang Feng, Yang Liu, Xinxin Yang, Zhenwei Wang and Yufeng Zhao
Batteries 2023, 9(3), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030183 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2200
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries are regarded as a substitution for lithium-ion batteries for its abundant resources, wide distribution, low cost, etc. The P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides (P2-NaxTMO2) have attracted extensive attention due to their high rate and cycling properties. However, [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries are regarded as a substitution for lithium-ion batteries for its abundant resources, wide distribution, low cost, etc. The P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides (P2-NaxTMO2) have attracted extensive attention due to their high rate and cycling properties. However, P2-NaxTMO2 often undergoes structural transformations when exposed in ambient air, which restricts its practical applications. Herein we studied the effect of Nb doping on the air stability of P2-NaxTMO2. We demonstrated that the Nb-induced surface preconstructed layer inhibited the surface dissolution of the P2 material in the electrochemical reaction and formed a stable and thin (cathode–electrolyte interphase) CEI film, which prevented water molecules from entering the P2-NaxTMO2 lattice. Na0.67Mn0.67Ni0.33Nb0.03O2 could exhibit superior rate performance (a reversible capacity of 72.5 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and outstanding cycling performance (84.43% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 C) in a half cell after exposed in a moisture atmosphere (RH93%) for 20 days. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries)
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Review

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34 pages, 9881 KiB  
Review
Hierarchically Porous Vanadium-Based Cathode Materials for High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries
by Kanakaraj Aruchamy, Subramaniyan Ramasundaram, Athinarayanan Balasankar, Sivasubramani Divya, Ling Fei and Tae Hwan Oh
Batteries 2024, 10(7), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10070223 - 24 Jun 2024
Viewed by 874
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in sectors requiring extensive energy storage. The abundant availability of sodium at a low cost addresses concerns associated with lithium, such as environmental contamination and limited availability. However, SIBs exhibit [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in sectors requiring extensive energy storage. The abundant availability of sodium at a low cost addresses concerns associated with lithium, such as environmental contamination and limited availability. However, SIBs exhibit lower energy density and cyclic stability compared to LIBs. One of the key challenges in improving the performance of SIBs lies in the electrochemical properties of the cathode materials. Among the various cathodes utilized in SIBs, sodium vanadium phosphates (NVPs) and sodium vanadium fluorophosphates (NVPFs) are particularly advantageous. These vanadium-based cathodes offer high theoretical capacity and are cost-effective. Commercialization of SIBs with NVPF cathodes has already begun. However, the poor conductivity of these cathode materials leads to a short cycle life and inferior rate performance. Various synthesis methods have been explored to enhance the conductivity, including heteroatom doping (N, S, and Co), surface modification, the fabrication of porous nanostructures, and composite formation with conductive carbon materials. In particular, cathodes with interconnected hierarchical micro- and nano-porous morphologies have shown promise. This review focuses on the diverse synthesis methods reported for preparing hierarchically porous cathodes. With increased attention, particular emphasis has been placed on carbon composites of NVPs and NVPFs. Additionally, the synthesis of vanadium pentoxide-based cathodes is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries)
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