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Bioengineering
Special Issues
Oral Health and Dental Restoration and Regeneration
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Oral Health and Dental Restoration and Regeneration

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 4897

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Božana Lončar Brzak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: oral medicine; burning mouth syndrome; potentially malignant oral lesions; oral cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ivona Bago

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: endodontics; application of lasers in dental medicine; microbiology in endodontics; restorative dental medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of new technology and materials in dental medicine has enabled new clinical protocols in the treatment of oral and dental diseases.

Lasers have been used in medicine and dentistry for decades as a stand-alone treatment method or as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Due to advancements in their application, they are used in various branches of dentistry, such as oral medicine, periodontology, oral surgery, orthodontics, implantology, restorative dentistry and pediatric dentistry. Although the literature is rich of studies evaluating the application of laser energy in different fields of dental medicine, there are still  topics that should be researched in the future particularly in order to evaluate the clinical benefit of the laser use in the treatment of oral and dental diseases. 

The development of new dental materials has an important role in the restauration of lost hard dental tissues and regeneration procedures. The new bioactive materials can interact with biological tissues changing their characteristics and properties. Some of them can cause activation of certain cells and molecules in the tissue and, thus, can provide reparative and regenerative reactions. Therefore, these biomaterials are considered to have “smart behavior”. They are used in almost all branches of dental medicine, from conservative dentistry to oral surgery and implantology.

The development of nanotechnology in dental medicine has enabled application of bioactive glasses, silver nanoparticles, zirconia nanoparticles in restorative dentistry and implantology. Special attention has been paid to the research of nanomaterials in the engineering of stem cells for regeneration of pulp, dentin, and periodontal ligament. This is a rather new field of research which is certainly the focus of future studies. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of new papers on the topic of regeneration; however, there are still many controversies and unclear results. New research with more patients will help to develop standardized protocols to treat a single diagnosis.

New requirements for preserving natural and intact teeth have shifted concept of clinical procedures towards minimally invasive dentistry. This is certainly possible due to the development and understanding of the principles of adhesion. Highly aesthetic dental materials used in restorative and prosthetic restorations are built from new structures based on nanoparticles. Adhesive cementation of these materials is possible due to the development of new molecules incorporated in adhesive systems and cements. However, these new generation of dental materials needs to be validated in laboratory and clinical studies to enable prediction of long-term results. 

This Special Issue of Bioengineering will focus on these new technologies and materials that are important topics for future studies in dental medicine.

This Issue will be accepting contributions (both original articles and reviews) mainly centered on the following topics:

  • New dental materials
  • Laser therapy of in restorative dentistry, oral surgery and endodontics
  • Regenerative dentistry in periodontology, implantology, endodontics
  • Biomaterials in dental medicine
  • Nano-technology in dental medicine

Dr. Božana Lončar Brzak
Dr. Ivona Bago
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser therapy
  • regeneration
  • biomaterials
  • nanotechnology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 464 KiB  
Article
Computerized Generation of Endodontic Files by Reproducing the Flute Grinding Manufacturing Process
by Victor Roda-Casanova and Antonio Pérez-González
Bioengineering 2024, 11(8), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080751 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 444
Abstract
Background: File fracture during root canal treatment in endodontics is a major concern for clinicians. The strength of the file is strongly dependent on its geometry, material, and working conditions; finite element simulations are used to understand these failure mechanisms. One limitation [...] Read more.
Background: File fracture during root canal treatment in endodontics is a major concern for clinicians. The strength of the file is strongly dependent on its geometry, material, and working conditions; finite element simulations are used to understand these failure mechanisms. One limitation of the models used for these simulations is the approximate geometric representation typically obtained by rotating and scaling a specific cross-section shape along the file length. Given the influence of file geometry on file strength, a more realistic representation based on the manufacturing method is needed. Methods: A computerized method was developed to generate the file geometry by simulating the flute grinding manufacturing process. This method generates the 3D geometry of the file starting from a blank and reproducing the motions of the file and grinding wheel. Results: The cross-section of the resulting geometry does not involve simple rotation and scaling but changes from the shank to the tip. The tilt angle of the grinding wheel affects the final geometry, thus altering the convexity of the cross-section. Several other parameters, such as the pitch and the radius of the grinding disc tip, impact the final geometry. Conclusions: The proposed computational method allows for the generation of endodontic file geometries that match those produced via the actual flute grinding method. This tool may help researchers and tool designers in the preparation of finite element models to assess the strength of realistic files. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Restoration and Regeneration)
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14 pages, 2878 KiB  
Article
Enzymatically Driven Mineralization of a Calcium–Polyphosphate Bleaching Gel
by Mariangela Ivette Guanipa Ortiz, Yendry Regina Corrales Ureña, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima and Klaus Rischka
Bioengineering 2024, 11(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010083 - 16 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1266
Abstract
To examined alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity and the effects of incorporating it in the thickener solution of a hydrogen-peroxide-based bleaching gel containing calcium-polyphosphate (CaPP) on the orthophosphate (PO43−) levels, bleaching effectiveness, and enamel microhardness. ALP activity was assessed at [...] Read more.
To examined alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity and the effects of incorporating it in the thickener solution of a hydrogen-peroxide-based bleaching gel containing calcium-polyphosphate (CaPP) on the orthophosphate (PO43−) levels, bleaching effectiveness, and enamel microhardness. ALP activity was assessed at different pH levels and H2O2 concentrations, and in H2O- and Tris-based thickeners. Circular dichroism (CD) was used to examine the ALP secondary structure in water-, Tris-, or H2O2-based mediums. The PO43− levels were evaluated in thickeners with and without ALP. Enamel/dentin specimens were allocated into the following groups: control (without bleaching); commercial (Whiteness-HP-Maxx); Exp-H (H2O-based); CaPP-H; ALP-H (CaPP+ALP); Exp-T (Tris-based); CaPP-T; and ALP-T (CaPP+ALP). Color changes (ΔE/ΔE00) and the bleaching index (ΔWID) were calculated, and surface (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were assessed. The two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to compare ALP and PO43− levels; generalized linear models were used to examine: ΔE/ΔE00/SMH/CSMH; and Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used for ΔWID (α = 5%). The ALP activity was higher at pH 9, lower in H2O2-based mediums, and similar in both thickeners. The CD-spectra indicated denaturation of the enzyme upon contact with H2O2. The PO43− levels were higher after incorporating ALP, and the ΔE/ΔE00/ΔWID were comparable among bleached groups. SMH was lower after bleaching in Exp-H, while CSMH was highest in ALP-T. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Restoration and Regeneration)
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Review

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18 pages, 2208 KiB  
Review
Risk Factors for Early Implant Failure and Selection of Bone Grafting Materials for Various Bone Augmentation Procedures: A Narrative Review
by Motohiro Munakata, Yu Kataoka, Kikue Yamaguchi and Minoru Sanda
Bioengineering 2024, 11(2), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020192 - 17 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2419
Abstract
Implant therapy is now an established treatment with high long-term success and survival rates. However, early implant failure, which occurs within one year of superstructure placement, occurs at a higher rate than late failure, which is represented by peri-implantitis caused by bacterial infection. [...] Read more.
Implant therapy is now an established treatment with high long-term success and survival rates. However, early implant failure, which occurs within one year of superstructure placement, occurs at a higher rate than late failure, which is represented by peri-implantitis caused by bacterial infection. Furthermore, various risk factors for early failure have been reported, including patient-related factors, such as systemic diseases, smoking, and bone quality and quantity, as well as surgery-related factors, such as surgeons’ skill, osteogenesis technique, and selection of graft material, and implant-related factors, such as initial implant fixation and implant length diameter. Due to the wide variety of relevant factors reported, it is difficult to identify the cause of the problem. The purpose of this review is to discuss the risk factors associated with various types of bone augmentation which have a close causal relationship with early implant failure, and to determine the optimal bone grafting material for bone augmentation procedures to avoid early implant failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Dental Restoration and Regeneration)
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