Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Clinical Application: Present and Future Perspectives

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 895

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

DPSCs (Dental Pulp Stem Cells) maintain a high degree of differentiation, as they are multipotent and pluripotent, as mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cords, bone marrow, or adipose tissue. Therefore, they have the ability to regenerate a wide range of tissues, and their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine is promising. DPSCs have been found to express low levels of HLA-DR (MHC) class II molecules, making them potential candidates for allogeneic transplantation without compatibility with donor tissue.

The aim and scope of this Special Issue are to better highlight the extensive potentials that these SCs obtained from dental pulp have, unveiling their intrinsic features and possible use in regenerating and repairing damaged tissues. The in vitro and in vivo administration of DPSCs and their derivatives have exhibited beneficial effects in various disease models of different tissues and organs.

Dr. Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dental pulp stem cells
  • cell injections
  • modified cells
  • cell sheets
  • cell spheroids
  • regeneration
  • damaged tissues
  • immunomodulation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

47 pages, 22552 KB  
Article
Exosomes from Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells, a Preliminary Study for In Vitro and In Vivo Application
by Thao Duy Huynh, Ciro Gargiulo Isacco, Quan Thai Minh Ngo, Binh Thanh Nguyen, Tuan Ngoc Huu Nguyen, Tri Minh Dang Bui, Vinh Minh Ngo, Ky Quoc Truong, Tro Van Chau, Hoa Cong Truong, Kieu Diem Cao Nguyen, Emilio Jirillo, Van Hung Pham, Luigi Santacroce and Toai Cong Tran
Bioengineering 2025, 12(10), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12101129 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly their secreted exosomes, small microvesicles, represent a major focus in regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic potential. Exosomes exhibit growth factors and cytokines and are loaded with microRNAs (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA) that can be transferred [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly their secreted exosomes, small microvesicles, represent a major focus in regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic potential. Exosomes exhibit growth factors and cytokines and are loaded with microRNAs (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA) that can be transferred to other cells, potentially affecting their function. Exosomes are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, are immunomodulatory, and are promoters of tissue regeneration. Despite their promise, the standardized methods for exosome isolation and characterization remain weak. This exploratory study addresses this gap by detailing an effective method for isolating exosomes from adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), emphasizing precipitation as a technique yielding a high efficiency and purity compared to other methods. Functionally, we aimed to confirm the AT-MSC exosomes’ ability to exert an effective protective activity on the skin and its main components, such as fibroblasts, collagen, and elastin. To achieve this goal, we had to demonstrate that AT-MSC exosomes are safe and free of toxic substances. They can express specific proteins such as CD9, CD63, and CD81, which are well-known exosome markers. These exosomes also contain key miRNAs, including miRNA-203 A, miRNA-203 B, and miRNA-3196, important for skin regeneration, as well as enhancers of cell integrity and proliferation. We eventually confirmed the ability of exosomes to exert protective and recovery effects on fibroblasts after H2O2-induced damage in vitro, as well as on mouse skin after UVB-induced damage in vivo. These effects were verified by measuring levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS), assessing SA-β-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, analyzing the cell cycle, evaluating the telomere length of fibroblasts by RT-PCR, and conducting histological assessments of collagen and elastin structure in murine skin after UVB exposure. This exploratory work provides valuable insights into the isolation, characterization, and bioactive and reparative properties of exosomes from AT-MSCs, supporting their development for future studies and therapeutic applications. Full article
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