Heavy Metal Pollution and Bioremediation: Application and Mechanism

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 522

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
Interests: microbial remediation; phytoremediation; solid waste resource utilization
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Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Interests: heavy metal pollution and remediation in agricultural environment; plant physiological ecology

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Guest Editor
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Interests: phytoremediation; pollution assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Industrialization and population growth have increased the release and accumulation of heavy metals in the environment, making heavy metal pollution an increasingly severe global environmental issue. Due to the non-degradable, concealed, and accumulative nature of heavy metals, long-term exposure can lead to diseases such as cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective technologies to remediate heavy metal pollution in the environment and reduce their mobility and biotoxicity. Currently, commonly used remediation technologies for heavy metal pollution include physical remediation, chemical remediation, and bioremediation. Among these, bioremediation has broad development prospects due to its advantages of being non-polluting, low-cost, and having a minimal environmental impact. However, the application of bioremediation technology is influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, types and concentrations of heavy metals, and biological growth characteristics, which restrict its wider application. After long-term exploration and research, significant progress has been made in bioremediation technology in terms of basic research, technological innovation, and practical applications for single pollutant remediation. However, in the face of complex heavy metal pollution, its complexity and uncertainty still require ongoing research and exploration.

To further leverage the advantages of bioremediation technology and promote its wider application, this Special Issue of Biology aims to provide fundamental research on the various mechanisms and application strategies adopted by the plants, microbes, and animals in the remediation of heavy metal pollution, which contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities of heavy metal pollution and the role of bioremediation in mitigating its effects.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Heavy metal pollutants;
  • Microbial remediation;
  • Phytoremediation;
  • Animal remediation;
  • Plant–soil–microbe interactions;
  • Enhanced remediation;
  • Combined remediation;
  • Hyperaccumulator plants;
  • Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

Dr. Guangxu Zhu
Prof. Dr. Ruiyu Lin
Dr. Rongfei Wei
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • heavy metal pollutants
  • microbial remediation
  • phytoremediation
  • animal remediation
  • plant–soil–microbe interactions
  • enhanced remediation
  • combined remediation
  • hyperaccumulator plants
  • microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 3100 KB  
Article
The Effect of Retention Time and Seasonal Variation on the Characterization of Phyto-Remediated Aquaculture Wastewater in a Constructed Wetland
by Shadrach A. Akadiri, Pius O. O. Dada, Adekunle A. Badejo, Olayemi J. Adeosun, Akinwale T. Ogunrinde, Oluwaseun T. Faloye, Viroon Kamchoom and Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri
Biology 2025, 14(10), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14101390 - 12 Oct 2025
Viewed by 120
Abstract
The insufficient availability of safe water has emerged as a prevalent issue severely impacting public health in developing nations. Moreover, studies reporting the efficacy of treatment plants (TPs)—specifically Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia—in removing toxic elements in aquaculture wastewater are scanty. Therefore, [...] Read more.
The insufficient availability of safe water has emerged as a prevalent issue severely impacting public health in developing nations. Moreover, studies reporting the efficacy of treatment plants (TPs)—specifically Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia—in removing toxic elements in aquaculture wastewater are scanty. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), seasonal variations, and TPs on the removal efficiency of pollutants from a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland (VSSF-CW) in Nigeria. The experiments spanned three seasons (November–December–January—NDJ; March–April–May—MAM; and July–August–September—JAS) of the year, with samples collected from the CW at 7 day intervals for analysis. The aquaculture wastewater was analyzed in the laboratory to determine its chemical and toxic compositions before and after the introduction of treatment plants. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the main and interactive effects between HRT, seasons, and TPs on the physicochemical properties of the CW’s effluents. The removal efficiency was determined to evaluate the performance of the constructed wetland in comparison to the treatment plants. Results showed that these constructed wetlands effectively removed contaminants, with significant differences (p < 0.05) mostly observed in the effects of treatment plant types and seasons on the chemical and heavy metal concentrations. This was further confirmed by the main effects of HRT, seasons, and treatment plant choice, which significantly (p < 0.05) influenced treatment efficiency. Removal efficiencies increased with longer HRTs, reaching peak removal efficiencies of approximately 69, 67, and 61% for Na, K, and Ca, respectively. The BOD and COD reached 85 and 90% removal efficiency, while removal efficiency of 100% was achieved for most heavy metals at 21 day retention time. In summary, the study found that TPs (Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia), HRT, and seasonal variation are important for treating integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater in a VSSF CWs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metal Pollution and Bioremediation: Application and Mechanism)
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