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Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies
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Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Zoology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 6761

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Etsuro Ito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
Interests: invertebrate neurobiology; learning and memory; signal transduction; biophysics; animal physiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurobiological research using invertebrates is critically important, even in the present age, and further development can be expected in the future. In particular, the use of the open vascular system and control of specific behaviors using just one or a few neurons have produced excellent results that could not have been obtained in mammalian studies. Thus, we plan to publish a Special Issue on invertebrate neurobiology in Biology.

We are pleased to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue, “Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies”. This Special Issue aims to raise awareness of the importance of invertebrates in neurobiology. Thus, please remember to mention why your study was performed using invertebrates, not mammals, in your manuscript.

We welcome reviews, research papers and communications on invertebrate neurobiology on the basis of experiments as well as theoretical work.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Etsuro Ito
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • invertebrate
  • neurobiology
  • learning
  • memory
  • behavioral change
  • molecular basis
  • open vasculature
  • identifiable neuron

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 19280 KiB  
Article
Development of Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Neuronal Networks of the Central Nervous System in King Crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus
by Elena Kotsyuba, Arman Pahlevaniane, Sergei Maslennikov and Vyacheslav Dyachuk
Biology 2024, 13(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13010035 - 08 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1219
Abstract
This article presents recent findings as regards distribution of cells producing serotonin and dopamine in the larval central nervous system at different developmental stages, including four pelagic larval stages (zoea I–IV), a semibenthic postlarval stage glaucothoe (megalopa), benthic juveniles, and adult red king [...] Read more.
This article presents recent findings as regards distribution of cells producing serotonin and dopamine in the larval central nervous system at different developmental stages, including four pelagic larval stages (zoea I–IV), a semibenthic postlarval stage glaucothoe (megalopa), benthic juveniles, and adult red king crabs, Paralithodes camtschaticus, made by using immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We have shown that the serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons are present long before the onset of metamorphosis. In the red king crab b larval nervous system, the changes become particularly pronounced during the first metamorphosis from zoea IV to glaucothoe, which may be related to the development of the segmental appendages and maturation of motor behaviors in decapods. This work presents the distribution and dynamics of the development of serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal networks in king crab show, the potential roles of serotonin and dopamine in the modulation of olfactory and visual processing in the early stages of larval development, and also the mechanosensory and chemosensory processing in the glaucothoe stage during settlement and in their transition from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies)
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32 pages, 10843 KiB  
Article
Mass Start or Time Trial? Structure of the Nervous System and Neuroregeneration in Pygospio elegans (Spionidae, Annelida)
by Ksenia V. Shunkina, Zinaida I. Starunova, Elena L. Novikova and Viktor V. Starunov
Biology 2023, 12(11), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12111412 - 09 Nov 2023
Viewed by 995
Abstract
The spionid worm Pygospio elegans is a convenient model for regeneration studies due to its accessibility, high tolerance, and ease of maintenance in laboratory culture. This article presents the findings regarding neuroregeneration and the structure of the nervous system based on antibody labeling [...] Read more.
The spionid worm Pygospio elegans is a convenient model for regeneration studies due to its accessibility, high tolerance, and ease of maintenance in laboratory culture. This article presents the findings regarding neuroregeneration and the structure of the nervous system based on antibody labeling of serotonin and FMRFamide. We propose the main stages of central nervous system neurogenesis during regeneration: single nerve fibers, a loop structure, and neurons in the brain and segmental ganglia. Nerve fibers and receptor cells of the peripheral nerve system can be traced to different stages of regeneration. We also provide a comparison of our results with previous data on the structure and regeneration of the nervous system based on antibody labeling of catecholamines, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and histamine and with the results for other annelids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies)
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17 pages, 1367 KiB  
Article
LPS-Induced Garcia Effect and Its Pharmacological Regulation Mediated by Acetylsalicylic Acid: Behavioral and Transcriptional Evidence
by Veronica Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, Ken Lukowiak, Cristina Benatti, Giovanna Rigillo, Fabio Tascedda and Joan M. C. Blom
Biology 2023, 12(8), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12081100 - 07 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1030
Abstract
Lymnaea stagnalis learns and remembers to avoid certain foods when their ingestion is followed by sickness. This rapid, taste-specific, and long-lasting aversion—known as the Garcia effect—can be formed by exposing snails to a novel taste and 1 h later injecting them with lipopolysaccharide [...] Read more.
Lymnaea stagnalis learns and remembers to avoid certain foods when their ingestion is followed by sickness. This rapid, taste-specific, and long-lasting aversion—known as the Garcia effect—can be formed by exposing snails to a novel taste and 1 h later injecting them with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the exposure of snails to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for 1 h before the LPS injection, prevents both the LPS-induced sickness state and the Garcia effect. Here, we investigated novel aspects of this unique form of conditioned taste aversion and its pharmacological regulation. We first explored the transcriptional effects in the snails’ central nervous system induced by the injection with LPS (25 mg), the exposure to ASA (900 nM), as well as their combined presentation in untrained snails. Then, we investigated the behavioral and molecular mechanisms underlying the LPS-induced Garcia effect and its pharmacological regulation by ASA. LPS injection, both alone and during the Garcia effect procedure, upregulated the expression levels of immune- and stress-related targets. This upregulation was prevented by pre-exposure to ASA. While LPS alone did not affect the expression levels of neuroplasticity genes, its combination with the conditioning procedure resulted in their significant upregulation and memory formation for the Garcia effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies)
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15 pages, 1932 KiB  
Article
Intense Locomotion Enhances Oviposition in the Freshwater Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis: Cellular and Molecular Correlates
by Ilya Chistopolsky, Alexandra Leonova, Maxim Mezheritskiy, Dmitri Boguslavsky, Angelina Kristinina, Igor Zakharov, Andrey Sorminskiy, Dmitri Vorontsov and Varvara Dyakonova
Biology 2023, 12(6), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060764 - 24 May 2023
Viewed by 1450
Abstract
Intense species-specific locomotion changes the behavioural and cognitive states of various vertebrates and invertebrates. However, whether and how reproductive behaviour is affected by previous increased motor activity remains largely unknown. We addressed this question using a model organism, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis [...] Read more.
Intense species-specific locomotion changes the behavioural and cognitive states of various vertebrates and invertebrates. However, whether and how reproductive behaviour is affected by previous increased motor activity remains largely unknown. We addressed this question using a model organism, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Intense crawling in shallow water for two hours had previously been shown to affect orienting behaviour in a new environment as well as the state of the serotonergic system in L. stagnalis. We found that the same behaviour resulted in an increased number of egg clutches and the total number of eggs laid in the following 24 h. However, the number of eggs per clutch was not affected. This effect was significantly stronger from January to May, in contrast to the September–December period. Transcripts of the egg-laying prohormone gene and the tryptophan hydroxylase gene, which codes for the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, were significantly higher in the central nervous system of snails that rested in clean water for two hours after intense crawling. Additionally, the neurons of the left (but not the right) caudo-dorsal cluster (CDC), which produce the ovulation hormone and play a key role in oviposition, responded to stimulation with a higher number of spikes, although there were no differences in their resting membrane potentials. We speculate that the left–right asymmetry of the response was due to the asymmetric (right) location of the male reproductive neurons having an antagonistic influence on the female hormonal system in the hermaphrodite mollusc. Serotonin, which is known to enhance oviposition in L. stagnalis, had no direct effect on the membrane potential or electrical activity of CDC neurons. Our data suggest that (i) two-hour crawling in shallow water enhances oviposition in L. stagnalis, (ii) the effect depends on the season, and (iii) the underlying mechanisms may include increased excitability of the CDC neurons and increased expression of the egg-laying prohormone gene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies)
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18 pages, 8809 KiB  
Article
Identification of Putative Molecules for Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptor and Their Roles in Learning and Memory in Lymnaea stagnalis
by Kanta Fujimoto, Yuki Totani, Junko Nakai, Nozomi Chikamoto, Kengo Namiki, Dai Hatakeyama and Etsuro Ito
Biology 2023, 12(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12030375 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1476
Abstract
Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, which improves cognition in mammals. How adiponectin affects the mechanism’s underlying cognition, however, remains unknown. We hypothesized that experiments using the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, which has long been used in learning and memory studies and in which [...] Read more.
Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, which improves cognition in mammals. How adiponectin affects the mechanism’s underlying cognition, however, remains unknown. We hypothesized that experiments using the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, which has long been used in learning and memory studies and in which the function of insulin-like peptides affect learning and memory, could clarify the basic mechanisms by which adiponectin affects cognition. We first identified putative molecules of adiponectin and its receptor in Lymnaea. We then examined their distribution in the central nervous system and changes in their expression levels when hemolymph glucose concentrations were intentionally decreased by food deprivation. We also applied an operant conditioning protocol of escape behavior to Lymnaea and examined how the expression levels of adiponectin and its receptor changed after the conditioned behavior was established. The results demonstrate that adiponectin and adiponectin’s receptor expression levels were increased in association with a reduced concentration of hemolymph glucose and that expression levels of both adiponectin and insulin-like peptide receptors were increased after the conditioning behavior was established. Thus, the involvement of the adiponectin-signaling cascade in learning and memory in Lymnaea was suggested to occur via changes in the glucose concentrations and the activation of insulin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurobiology of Invertebrates Inaccessible from Mammalian Studies)
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