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Biomedicines
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Hepatotoxicity: From Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches
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Hepatotoxicity: From Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2024 | Viewed by 7988

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sanda Win

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
Interests: signal transduction in drug-induced hepatotoxicity; regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic signaling in hepatotoxicity; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); alcoholic hepatitis; identification of therapeutic targets; cellular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hepatotoxicity can be caused by drug medications, chemical agents, dietary supplements, solvents, and chronic alcohol drinking and leads to acute and chronic liver disease. Most DILIs improve after drug withdrawal. As the main organ that metabolizes and detoxifies chemicals, the liver is susceptible to these agents’ toxicity. Drug-induced liver injuries are dose-dependent; this form of liver injury is called predictable hepatotoxicity. In other cases, liver injury is caused by unpredictable (idiosyncratic) hepatotoxicity in susceptible individuals. Active signal transduction pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction are important in determining cell survival or death. Understanding the mechanisms and signal regulation in hepatotoxicity can aid in the production of therapeutic target molecules for safe and effective treatment.

This Special Issue on hepatotoxicity aims to collect and disseminate recent findings on the mechanisms, pathophysiology, and signal transduction pathways in hepatotoxicity and advancements in therapy. Original articles, communications, and review articles are welcome.

Dr. Sanda Win
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cell death
  • reactive metabolites
  • oxidative stress
  • stress signaling
  • mitochondria
  • adaptive immunity
  • HLA associations
  • hepatotoxicity
  • drugs
  • liver injury
  • adverse drug reaction
  • drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis
  • idiosyncratic-drug-induced liver injury
  • bile acid
  • drug-induced cholestasis
  • hepatotoxins
  • steatosis
  • fibrosis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 22851 KiB  
Article
Protective Effects of Trimetazidine and Dexmedetomidine on Liver Injury in a Mesenteric Artery Ischemia–Reperfusion Rat Model via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
by Sedat Ciftel, Tolga Mercantepe, Riza Aktepe, Esra Pinarbas, Zulkar Ozden, Adnan Yilmaz and Filiz Mercantepe
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102299 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 912
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia can lead to severe liver damage due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study investigated the protective effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) against liver damage induced by mesenteric artery I/R via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) mechanisms. Methods: Twenty-four [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute mesenteric ischemia can lead to severe liver damage due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study investigated the protective effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) against liver damage induced by mesenteric artery I/R via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) mechanisms. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, I/R, I/R+TMZ, and I/R+DEX. TMZ (20 mg/kg) was administered orally for seven days, and DEX (100 µg/kg) was given intraper-itoneally 30 min before I/R induction. Liver tissues were analyzed for creatinine, alanine ami-notransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total thiol (TT) levels. Results: Compared with the control group, the I/R group presented significantly increased AST, ALT, TBARS, and TT levels. TMZ notably reduced creatinine levels. I/R caused significant liver necrosis, inflammation, and congestion. TMZ and DEX treatments reduced this histopathological damage, with DEX resulting in a more significant reduction in infiltrative areas and vascular congestion. The increase in the expression of caspase-3, Bax, 8-OHdG, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) decreased with the TMZ and DEX treatments. In addition, Bcl-2 positivity decreased both in the TMZ and DEX treatments. Conclusions: Both TMZ and DEX have protective effects against liver damage. These effects are likely mediated through the reduction in ERS and apoptosis, with DEX showing slightly superior protective effects compared with TMZ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatotoxicity: From Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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13 pages, 1274 KiB  
Article
N-acetyltransferase Gene Variants Involved in Pediatric Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury
by María Luisa Alés-Palmer, Francisco Andújar-Vera, Iván Iglesias-Baena, Paloma Muñoz-de-Rueda and Esther Ocete-Hita
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1288; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061288 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 921
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a complex multifactorial disease in which the toxic potential of the drug, together with genetic and acquired factors and deficiencies in adaptive processes, which limit the extent of damage, may determine susceptibility and make individuals unique in [...] Read more.
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a complex multifactorial disease in which the toxic potential of the drug, together with genetic and acquired factors and deficiencies in adaptive processes, which limit the extent of damage, may determine susceptibility and make individuals unique in their development of hepatotoxicity. In our study, we sequenced the exomes of 43 pediatric patients diagnosed with DILI to identify important gene variations associated with this pathology. The result showed the presence of two variations in the NAT2 gene: c.590G>A (p.Arg197Gln) and c.341T>C (p.Ile114Thr). These variations could be found separately or together in 41 of the 43 patients studied. The presence of these variations as a risk factor for DILI could confirm the importance of the acetylation pathway in drug metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatotoxicity: From Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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12 pages, 2796 KiB  
Article
Sesamin’s Therapeutic Actions on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Molecular Mechanisms, and Histopathological Characteristics
by Abdulmajeed M. Jali, Mohammad Firoz Alam, Ali Hanbashi, Wedad Mawkili, Basher M. Abdlasaed, Saeed Alshahrani, Abdullah M. Qahl, Ahmad S. S. Alrashah and Hamad Al Shahi
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3238; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123238 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1688
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent integral to specific cancer chemotherapy protocols, is often curtailed in application owing to its significant hepatotoxic side effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective potential of sesamin, a plant-originated antioxidant, using rat models. The rats were [...] Read more.
Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent integral to specific cancer chemotherapy protocols, is often curtailed in application owing to its significant hepatotoxic side effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective potential of sesamin, a plant-originated antioxidant, using rat models. The rats were divided into five groups: a control group received only the vehicle for six days; a cyclophosphamide group received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) single injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) on day four; a sesamin group received a daily high oral dose (20 mg/kg) of sesamin for six days; and two groups were pretreated with oral sesamin (10 and 20 mg/kg daily from day one to day six) followed by an i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide on day four. The final and last sesamin dose was administered 24 h before euthanasia. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver tissue were collected for biochemical and histopathological assessments. The results indicated significantly increased liver markers (AST, ALT, ALP, and BIL), cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β), caspase-3, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cyclophosphamide group as compared to the normal control. Additionally, there was a significant decline in antioxidants (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD), but the sesamin treatment reduced liver marker enzymes, cytokines, and caspase-3 and improved antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Thus, sesamin effectively countered these alterations and helped to normalize the histopathological alterations. In conclusion, sesamin demonstrated the potential for attenuating cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating cytokine networks, apoptotic pathways, and oxidative stress, suggesting its potential role as an adjunct in chemotherapy to reduce hepatotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatotoxicity: From Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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19 pages, 2076 KiB  
Article
Effect of Quercetin Nanoparticles on Hepatic and Intestinal Enzymes and Stress-Related Genes in Nile Tilapia Fish Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles
by Mayada R. Farag, Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela, Mahmoud Alagawany, Mahmoud M. Azzam, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Stefano Rea, Alessandro Di Cerbo and Doaa S. Nouh
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030663 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3498
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology has become an important research field involved in the improvement of animals’ productivity, including aquaculture. In this field, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained interest as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. On the other hand, their extensive use in other fields increased [...] Read more.
Recently, nanotechnology has become an important research field involved in the improvement of animals’ productivity, including aquaculture. In this field, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained interest as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. On the other hand, their extensive use in other fields increased natural water pollution causing hazardous effects on aquatic organisms. Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic compound of many plants and vegetables, and it acts as a potent antioxidant and therapeutic agent in biological systems. The current study investigated the potential mitigative effect of quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) against AgNPs-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia via investigating liver function markers, hepatic antioxidant status, apoptosis, and bioaccumulation of silver residues in hepatic tissue in addition to the whole-body chemical composition, hormonal assay, intestinal enzymes activity, and gut microbiota. Fish were grouped into: control fish, fish exposed to 1.98 mg L−1 AgNPs, fish that received 400 mg L−1 QNPs, and fish that received QNPs and AgNPs at the same concentrations. All groups were exposed for 60 days. The moisture and ash contents of the AgNP group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. In contrast, the crude lipid and protein decreased in the whole body. AgNPs significantly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and decreased glycogen and growth hormone (*** p < 0.001). The liver and intestinal enzymes’ activities were significantly inhibited (*** p < 0.001), while the oxidative damage liver enzymes, intestinal bacterial and Aeromonas counts, and Ag residues in the liver were significantly increased (*** p < 0.001, and * p < 0.05). AgNPs also significantly upregulated the expression of hepatic Hsp70, caspase3, and p53 genes (* p < 0.05). These findings indicate the oxidative and hepatotoxic effects of AgNPs. QNPs enhanced and restored physiological parameters and health status under normal conditions and after exposure to AgNPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatotoxicity: From Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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