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Molecular Research and Natural Biomedicine of Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and...
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Molecular Research and Natural Biomedicine of Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 7368

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Małgorzata Wójcik

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
Interests: physiotherapy; osteopathy; gynecology; obstetrics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity among children and young people is a global problem of the 21st century. It is a serious risk factor for many metabolic, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, lung diseases, endocrine disorders, cancer, and musculoskeletal diseases. Abnormal body weight is one of the risk factors for diseases in children and adolescents, such as diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and Cushing's syndrome. This Special Issue is primarily dedicated to increasing the body of knowledge on the impact of natural biomedicine and molecular research on the prevalence of obesity and hypertension and their health consequences among children and adolescents. It is very important to search for methods to reduce the prevalence of obesity and, thus, its health consequences. We must also bear in mind the interdisciplinary approach, which can play an important role in treatments and, above all, in prevention and health monitoring among children and adolescents. We invite you to submit scientific articles and reviews related to these areas of research.

Dr. Małgorzata Ẃojcik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • molecular and natural biomedicine
  • physiotherapy
  • osteopathy
  • obesity
  • hypertension
  • body composition
  • body mass index
  • polycystic ovary syndrome
  • gynaecological disorders
  • diabetes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 573 KiB  
Article
Association of Serum Omentin-1 Concentration with the Content of Adipose Tissue and Glucose Tolerance in Subjects with Central Obesity
by Marcelina Sperling, Teresa Grzelak, Marta Pelczyńska, Paweł Bogdański, Dorota Formanowicz and Krystyna Czyżewska
Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020331 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2120
Abstract
Omentin is one of the few adipokines with potentially beneficial metabolic effects. The main aim of this study was to determine the association between serum omentin-1 levels and the occurrence of central obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance, taking into account gender. The study [...] Read more.
Omentin is one of the few adipokines with potentially beneficial metabolic effects. The main aim of this study was to determine the association between serum omentin-1 levels and the occurrence of central obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance, taking into account gender. The study involved 88 participants aged 30–60, including 47 women and 41 men. Two subgroups among the obese subjects were distinguished—those with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance. Anthropometric and biochemical examinations and blood pressure measurements were performed. Omentin-1 concentrations were significantly lower among patients with obesity compared to those without obesity (p = 0.027) and, similarly, comparing men with abnormal glucose tolerance with men with normal glucose tolerance (p = 0.035). In contrast, no such pattern was observed in women. The multivariable regression model showed a significant effect of gender status and important factors of tissue insulin sensitivity, such as OGGT results, WHR and amount of body fat, on the variability of serum omentin-1 concentration in the entire study population (R2adj. = 13.7%; p = 0.003). High omentin-1 levels found in men with obesity and normal glucose tolerance suggest that omentin-1 protects against metabolic disorders associated with obesity in the male population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Natural Biomedicine of Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents)
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7 pages, 581 KiB  
Article
The Evaluation of Facial Muscles by Surface Electromyography in Very Preterm Infants
by Oskar Komisarek, Roksana Malak, Jacek Kwiatkowski, Katarzyna Wiecheć, Tomasz Szczapa, Joanna Kasperkowicz, Maja Matthews-Kozanecka, Teresa Matthews-Brzozowska, Małgorzata Wójcik, Włodzimierz Samborski and Ewa Mojs
Biomedicines 2022, 10(11), 2921; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112921 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2262
Abstract
Background: It is reported that 40% of preterm infants have problems with eating. Neonatal feeding disorders may be one of the factors increasing neonatal mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the muscles involved in suckling and swallowing in premature newborns [...] Read more.
Background: It is reported that 40% of preterm infants have problems with eating. Neonatal feeding disorders may be one of the factors increasing neonatal mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the muscles involved in suckling and swallowing in premature newborns using surface electromyography (sEMG). We would like to objectively describe the tension of muscles engaged in feeding in order to properly plan the therapy. Another aim was to compare sEMG measurements to gestational age, birth weight, and umbilical blood pH to show which parameters put children at risk of feeding problems. Methods: Sixteen preterm neonates with gestational age less than 32 weeks, birth weight less than 1500 g, and oral feeding difficulties were analyzed for muscle response and electrical activity of nerves using sEMG (surface electromyography). Results: We found a negative correlation indicating that preterm infants with a younger gestational age had higher suprahyoid muscle tension, and a positive correlation was found between pH value and suprahyoid muscles. The lower the pH value, the lower the tension in the suprahyoid muscles. Conclusions: sEMG may be a helpful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the masticatory system of premature infants. Due to the abnormal tone of the muscles responsible for swallowing, it is advisable to rehabilitate as early as possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Natural Biomedicine of Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents)
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Review

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14 pages, 1433 KiB  
Review
Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques—Review
by Marta Hetman and Ewa Barg
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3219; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123219 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2386
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 [...] Read more.
People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) and gene coding for the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme) raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of disorders in metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, theoretically protective factors (low homocysteine level, high SOD1 level) do not fulfil their original functions. Overexpression of the CBS gene leads to the accumulation of homocysteine—a CVD risk factor. An excessive amount of protective SOD1, in the case of a lack of compensatory increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase, leads to intensifying free radical processes. The occurrence of metabolic disorders and the amplified effect of oxidative stress carries higher risk of exposure of people with DS to CVD. At present, classic predispositions are known, but it is necessary to identify early risk factors in order to be able to employ CVD and obesity prophylaxis. Detailed determination of the metabolic and lipid profile may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Natural Biomedicine of Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents)
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