New Advance in MicroRNAs as Regulators, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 4380

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians University, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
Interests: atherosclerosis; non-coding RNAs; epigenetics; cardiovascular diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The American Heart Association considers diabetes one of the seven major controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact, Type 2 diabetic people are two times more likely to develop and die from cardiovascular diseases such as strokes, heart failure, and heart attacks. The main factors increasing the risk for T2D people of developing CVD include hypertension, abnormal cholesterol and high triglycerides, obesity, lack of physical activity, poorly controlled blood sugar, and smoking. However, recent lines of evidences have indicated that not all CVD patients develop diabetes, suggesting that there might be distinct features that regulates the diseases and can be markers of distinction.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as micro- and long-non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) have attracting growing interest because of their potential role in insulin resistance and CVD modulation. Behind the canonical roles of miRNAs as inhibitors of protein-coding transcripts in the RISC of several cells and of lncRNAs as sponges of epigenetic regulators of gene expression, several genome-wide associated studies and sequencing data are currently underlining the existence of additional roles and mechanisms of action of ncRNAs as fine-tune regulators and interconnectors between different diseases. Indeed, canonical ncRNAs and non-canonical ncRNAs, such as circular RNAs, miRtrons, isomiRs, and miRNA-like ncRNAs increase the spectra of action and versatility of the ncRNA family. Since ncRNAs are stable and easily detectable in biological fluids, ncRNAs have been investigated as promising diagnostic and therapeutic markers in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, recent findings indicate that miRNAs and lncRNAs can exert novel adaptive functions, such as miRNAs interacting with transcript factors and circRNAs released to activate the inflammation. Hence, ncRNAs can potentially be involved in clinical applications.

This Special Issue is dedicated to research articles and reviews regarding miRNA mechanisms when acting as regulators, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in diseases.

Dr. Lucia Natarelli
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 2973 KiB  
Article
Identification of microRNA Signatures in Peripheral Blood of Young Women as Potential Biomarkers for Metal Allergy
by Yuehui Zhang, Maki Hosoki, Masamitsu Oshima, Toyoko Tajima, Mayu Miyagi, Swarnalakshmi Raman, Resmi Raju and Yoshizo Matsuka
Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020277 - 19 Jan 2023
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Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short (19–24 nucleotide) endogenous non-protein RNA that exists in the body and controls the translation process from genes to proteins. It has become useful as a diagnostic tool and a potential treatment target in cancer research. To explore the [...] Read more.
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short (19–24 nucleotide) endogenous non-protein RNA that exists in the body and controls the translation process from genes to proteins. It has become useful as a diagnostic tool and a potential treatment target in cancer research. To explore the function of miRNA in contact dermatitis, female participants with a positive metal allergy diagnosis (n = 3) were enrolled along with additional female participants with no medical history of metal allergy (n = 3). A patch test was performed on each participant. Peripheral blood was collected from all the participants before the patch test and at days 3 and 7 after starting the patch test. After total RNA was obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes and cDNA was generated, microarray analysis was performed to analyze the large-scale circulating miRNA profile. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then used to clarify the overall target miRNA expression. Downregulation of hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, and hsa-miR-150-5p was found on day 7. Certain miRNAs were confirmed using RT-PCR. These peripheral blood miRNAs could be diagnostic biomarkers for metal allergies. Full article
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13 pages, 1877 KiB  
Systematic Review
Has-miR-129-5p’s Involvement in Different Disorders, from Digestive Cancer to Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Adrian Boicean, Sabrina Birsan, Cristian Ichim, Ioana Boeras, Iulian Roman-Filip, Grama Blanca, Ciprian Bacila, Radu Sorin Fleaca, Horatiu Dura and Corina Roman-Filip
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 2058; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11072058 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
At present, it is necessary to identify specific biochemical, molecular, and genetic markers that can reliably aid in screening digestive cancer and correlate with the degree of disease development. Has-miR-129-5p is a small, non-coding molecule of RNA, circulating in plasma, gastric juice, and [...] Read more.
At present, it is necessary to identify specific biochemical, molecular, and genetic markers that can reliably aid in screening digestive cancer and correlate with the degree of disease development. Has-miR-129-5p is a small, non-coding molecule of RNA, circulating in plasma, gastric juice, and other biological fluids; it plays a protective role in tumoral growth, metastasis, etc. Furthermore, it is involved in various diseases, from the development of digestive cancer in cases of downregulation to neurodegenerative diseases and depression. Methods: We examined meta-analyses, research, and studies related to miR-129-5-p involved in digestive cancer and its implications in cancer processes, as well as metastasis, and described its implications in neurological diseases. Conclusions: Our review outlines that miR-129-5p is a significant controller of different pathways, genes, and proteins and influences different diseases. Some important pathways include the WNT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways; their dysregulation results in digestive neoplasia and neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
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