The Interstitial Lung Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 5733

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: occupational diseases; lung function; respiratory physiology

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Guest Editor
Pulmonology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanţa, Romania
Interests: tuberculosis; obstructive lung disesases; occupational respiratory diseases; lung cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to its location, the interstitial space of the lung is classified as axial (peribronchovascular), parenchymal (alveolar), or peripheral (subpleural). These three compartments of support tissue communicate and create the milieu for the development of a heterogeneous group of distinct diseases that affect the lung via inflammation and fibrosis. The pathologies of the interstitium share several common clinical, radiological, and functional features.

The classification of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) continues to evolve, but even with modern diagnosis techniques, some ILDs remain unclassifiable. On the other hand, many diseases which are not classified as ILDs (such as tuberculosis or COPD) have an interstitial component, which should receive further study so that appropriate treatment can be developed.
Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy have led to improved treatment, but only a comprehensive characterisation of the interstitial pathology, including etiological factors, biomarkers, phenotypes, and treatable traits, will allow for the introduction of precision medicine interventions.
We invite colleagues with an interest in this field of research to submit original research or review articles that contribute to the current body of knowledge on interstitial pathology, focusing in a broader sense on the pathogenic mechanisms that alter the interstitium.  In this way, we hope to enhance the current understanding of the environmental and immunological factors of disease development and progression and the therapeutical approach.

Dr. Marina Ruxandra Otelea
Dr. Oana Cristina Arghir
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 853 KiB  
Review
Biomonitoring Exposure and Early Diagnosis in Silicosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature
by Iulia-Maria Căluțu, Raluca-Andreea Smărăndescu and Agripina Rașcu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010100 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3193
Abstract
Silicosis is a particular form of lung fibrosis attributable to occupational exposure to crystalline silica. The occupational exposure to crystalline silica also increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer and lung infections, especially pulmonary tuberculosis. Silicosis is currently diagnosed in [...] Read more.
Silicosis is a particular form of lung fibrosis attributable to occupational exposure to crystalline silica. The occupational exposure to crystalline silica also increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer and lung infections, especially pulmonary tuberculosis. Silicosis is currently diagnosed in previously exposed workers by standard chest X-ray, when lesions are visible and irreversible. Therefore, it would be necessary to find specific and non-invasive markers that could detect silicosis in earlier stages, before the occurrence of X-ray opacities. In this narrative review, we present several diagnostic, monitoring and predictive biomarkers with high potential in the management of silicosis, such as: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF (Tumour necrosis factor-α), IL-1 (Interleukin-1), IL-6, IL-10), CC16 (Clara cell 16, an indirect marker of epithelial cell destruction), KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen 6, an indirect marker of alveolar epithelial damage), neopterin (indicator of cellular immunity) and MUC5B gene (Mucin 5B, a gel-forming mucin in mucus). Studies have shown that all the aforementioned markers have a high potential for early diagnosis or evaluation of progression in silicosis and represent promising alternatives to radiology. We consider that a multicentric study is needed to evaluate these biomarkers in correlation with occupational history, histopathological examination, imaging signs and pulmonary functions tests on large groups of subjects to better evaluate the accuracy of the presented biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interstitial Lung Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapy)
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16 pages, 679 KiB  
Review
Sexual Dimorphism in Interstitial Lung Disease
by Mari Ozaki, Arlene Glasgow, Irene K. Oglesby, Wan Lin Ng, Sile Kelly, Catherine M. Greene, Laura Durcan and Killian Hurley
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3030; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123030 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a group of heterogeneous progressive pulmonary disorders, characterised by tissue remodelling and/or fibrotic scarring of the lung parenchyma. ILD patients experience lung function decline with progressive symptoms, poor response to treatment, reduced quality of life and high mortality. [...] Read more.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a group of heterogeneous progressive pulmonary disorders, characterised by tissue remodelling and/or fibrotic scarring of the lung parenchyma. ILD patients experience lung function decline with progressive symptoms, poor response to treatment, reduced quality of life and high mortality. ILD can be idiopathic or associated with systemic or connective tissue diseases (CTD) but idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form. While IPF has a male predominance, women are affected more greatly by CTD and therefore associated ILDs. The mechanisms behind biological sex differences in these progressive lung diseases remain unclear. However, differences in environmental exposures, variable expression of X-chromosome related inflammatory genes and sex hormones play a role. Here, we will outline sex-related differences in the incidence, progression and mechanisms of action of these diseases and discuss existing and novel cellular and pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, we will highlight how sex-differences are not adequately considered in pre-clinical disease models, how gender bias exists in clinical diagnosis and how women are underrepresented in clinical trials. Future action on these observations will hopefully shed light on the role of biological sex in disease development, identify potential targets for intervention and increase female participant numbers in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Interstitial Lung Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapy)
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