Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes as Therapeutic Agents—2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 3308

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Guest Editor
Stritch School of Medicine, Core Microscopy Facility and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Interests: neurodegenerative disease; addiction; microscopy; senescence; therapeutics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. The three main subtypes of EVs—microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies—are differentiated based on their biogenesis, release pathway, size, content, and function. The content or “cargo” of EVs include nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and metabolites. The role of EVs in cell–cell communication and their ability to act as carriers of biomarkers for diseases are now well established. EVs are widely considered promising therapeutic options as they have a long circulating half-life, are well tolerated by the human body, are capable of penetrating cell membranes and targeting specific cell types, and have the capacity to be engineered. Indeed, the use of EVs (predominantly exosomes) as therapeutic agents and/or drug delivery systems in neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, stroke, myocardial infarction, and several other pathologies has been the subject of intense research. Despite recent advances, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which EVs function would help unlock the full potential of EV-based therapeutics. This Special Issue welcomes articles focused on the use of EVs, including exosomes, as therapeutic agents, with a focus on articles that provide a better understanding of the uptake, biodistribution, and trafficking of EVs or elucidate the mechanisms by which EVs exert their therapeutic effects.

Dr. David J. Rademacher
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • therapeutics
  • drug delivery
  • bioengineering

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Review

16 pages, 292 KB  
Review
Exosome-Based Therapeutics in Dermatology and Beyond: A Narrative Review
by Grant M. Pham
Biomedicines 2026, 14(2), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14020338 - 1 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that package DNA fragments, several classes of RNA, lipids, and proteins, and are now regarded as active messengers between cells rather than as cellular debris. This narrative review synthesizes dermatologic and related regenerative applications reported between 2020 and [...] Read more.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that package DNA fragments, several classes of RNA, lipids, and proteins, and are now regarded as active messengers between cells rather than as cellular debris. This narrative review synthesizes dermatologic and related regenerative applications reported between 2020 and 2025, drawing on PubMed and Scopus searches. In skin, exosomes regulate inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, pigmentation, and hair cycling. Preclinical models show faster wound closure, improved scar architecture, attenuation of photoaging changes, and stimulation of hair growth, with additional signals in inflammatory dermatoses and fungal skin disease. Early human studies in wound care, rejuvenation, scars, and alopecia suggest acceptable safety and a recurring pattern of benefit when exosomes are used as adjuncts to microneedling, lasers, or standard dressings, although products, dosing, and outcome measures remain heterogeneous. Beyond dermatology, early work in osteoarticular and soft tissue repair points toward meaningful regenerative potential, but clinical programs are still at an early stage. In practice, exosomes are being positioned as acellular alternatives or add-ons to platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, and conventional topicals and as emerging carriers for small molecules and biologics. Key limitations include low yields, product and cargo heterogeneity, lack of agreed quality and potency metrics, and uncertain regulatory status. Whether exosomes remain boutique adjuncts or become part of standard dermatologic and musculoskeletal practice will depend on what happens next: consistent manufacturing, agreed-upon characterization panels, meaningful potency assays, robust pharmacokinetic and biodistribution data, and comparative trials that track outcomes and safety over years rather than weeks. Full article
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