Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury Using Large Animal Models

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 460

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Interests: traumatic brain injury; ventilator-induced lung injury; concussion; large animal models; swine; biomarkers; biomechanics

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Guest Editor
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Interests: traumatic brain injury; sports concussion; biomechanics; EEG; swine; concussion; event-related potentials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traumatic brain injury is a paramount global health concern and presents a substantial economic burden worldwide. Detecting mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which constitutes the majority of TBI cases, poses challenges as brain abnormalities are not easily detected using conventional diagnostic imaging, despite cognitive dysfunction and prolonged impairment. From a physiological perspective, acute primary brain injury is believed to stem from tissue deformation caused by the inertial movement of the brain following rapid head rotation. In order to comprehend the mechanisms and pathophysiology of mTBI, large animal models are a valuable tool for studying the biomechanics of TBI as neuroanatomical characteristics, such as white and grey matter distinctions in addition to well-circumscribed gyri and sulci, appropriate the effects of mechanical loading on the brain.

This Special Issue will serve to address a preclinical platform for developing and evaluating diagnostic as well as prognostic tools and interventions through the presentation of original research articles, reviews, and rapid short communication papers focusing on "Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury Using Large Animal Models". The primary target audience for this Special Issue includes researchers employing an integrated biomechanics approach that incorporates large animal models, cell and tissue experiments, human studies, and the subsequent translation of these findings into preclinical therapeutic trials aimed at mitigating and preventing brain injuries.

Prof. Dr. Susan Margulies
Dr. Anna Oeur
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • traumatic brain injury
  • large animal models
  • biomarkers
  • experimental
  • neurotrauma
  • neurological disorders
  • biomechanics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 7127 KiB  
Article
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cell Therapy Limits Tissue Damage and Promotes Tissue Regeneration and Functional Recovery in a Pediatric Piglet Traumatic-Brain-Injury Model
by Sarah L. Schantz, Sydney E. Sneed, Madison M. Fagan, Morgane E. Golan, Savannah R. Cheek, Holly A. Kinder, Kylee J. Duberstein, Erin E. Kaiser and Franklin D. West
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1663; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081663 - 25 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in pediatric patients and often results in delayed neural development and altered connectivity, leading to lifelong learning, memory, behavior, and motor function deficits. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (iNSCs) [...] Read more.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in pediatric patients and often results in delayed neural development and altered connectivity, leading to lifelong learning, memory, behavior, and motor function deficits. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (iNSCs) may serve as a novel multimodal therapeutic as iNSCs possess neuroprotective, regenerative, and cell-replacement capabilities post-TBI. In this study, we evaluated the effects of iNSC treatment on cellular, tissue, and functional recovery in a translational controlled cortical impact TBI piglet model. Five days post-craniectomy (n = 6) or TBI (n = 18), iNSCs (n = 7) or PBS (n = 11) were injected into perilesional brain tissue. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) neurological evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, and immunohistochemistry were performed over the 12-week study period. At 12-weeks post-transplantation, iNSCs showed long-term engraftment and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. iNSC treatment enhanced endogenous neuroprotective and regenerative activities indicated by decreasing intracerebral immune responses, preserving endogenous neurons, and increasing neuroblast formation. These cellular changes corresponded with decreased hemispheric atrophy, midline shift, and lesion volume as well as the preservation of cerebral blood flow. iNSC treatment increased piglet survival and decreased mRS scores. The results of this study in a predictive pediatric large-animal pig model demonstrate that iNSC treatment is a robust multimodal therapeutic that has significant promise in potentially treating human pediatric TBI patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury Using Large Animal Models)
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