Adipose Tissues for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine

Dear Colleagues,

Adipose tissues have been used for several years in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. Reconstruction with autologous fat grafting has become one of the most commonly used methods for breast reconstruction surgery after a mastectomy, to repair extensive facial deformities caused by injury, illness or congenital abnormalities, or to replace soft tissues after tumor removal. However, there are still controversies and unresolved questions regarding autologous fat grafting due to the unpredictability of postoperative outcomes. Several optimizations have recently been proposed to improve the use of adipose tissues in medicine. Among them, adipose tissue engineering using synthetical or biological materials, as well as mechanical emulsification of fat tissues before grafting has been reported to improve fat grafting. The choice of fat donor site can also improve the use of adipose tissues. Indeed, the recent scientific literature shows that the individual fat depots are not equivalent in terms of cell-type composition, embryonic origins, and in the capacity of adipose stem cells to proliferate and to differentiate. This raises the question of choosing the most appropriate donor fat site for transplantation depending on the grafting recipient site, which merits scientific investigation.

Finally, the beneficial effects of adipose tissue transplantation in the field of obesity and associated metabolic disorders recently emerged. Efficient processes for the browning of human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues ex vivo, the best site for their transplantation, and the identification of critical secreted factors and non-cell components in the therapeutic potential of emulsified tissues from different fat depots remain to be identified.

This is a non-exhaustive list of examples and this Special Issue in Biomedicines is open to recent advances in the use of adipose tissues in medicine.

Dr. Christian Dani
Guest Editor

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• adipose progenitors
• white adipocytes
• brown/beige adipocytes
• adipose tissue extracellular matrix
• non-enzymatic dissociation
• adipose tissue transplantation
• obesity
• obesity-associated metabolic disorders