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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of AIDS
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Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of AIDS

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1517

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppe Bruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Infectious Diseases Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy
Interests: HIV; emerging infectious diseases; viral hepatitis, antiretroviral treatment; Mpox; COVID-19

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

HIV is a viral infection that leads to AIDS, a condition characterized by a compromised immune system, rendering individuals more susceptible to infections and cancer. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 39 million people are living with HIV infection, two thirds of whom (25.6 million) are in the WHO African Region. In 2022, 630,000 [480,000–880,000] people died from AIDS and 1.3 million [1.0–1.7 million] people acquired HIV. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has provided a dramatic reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality, many issues are still current and deserve timely resolution considering the ambitious targets (95–95–95) formulated by the World Health Organization by 2025. Among the challenges that still require effort through both basic and clinical research, we can include: access to healthcare in developing countries with a reduction in AIDS-related mortality, detection of the underground of infections, strategies to eradicate infections on a global scale, optimizations of antiretroviral therapies, deterrminants of virological failure, implementation of new regimen long-acting injectables, personalization and tailoring of ART, and improvement of the quality of life in people living with HIV (PLWH). The purpose of this Special Issue is to gather both basic and clinical research experiences that can underscore the undeniable progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of AIDS. We welcome both research articles and reviews.

Dr. Giuseppe Bruno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • antiretroviral therapy
  • pathogenesis
  • AIDS
  • opportunistic infections
  • long-acting strategies
  • new targets for HIV
  • pre-exporsure prophylaxis (Prep)
  • eradication

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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10 pages, 747 KiB  
Article
Viro-Immunological Efficacy and Safety of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide among Women Living with HIV: A 96-Week Post-Switch Analysis from the Real-Life SHiNe-SHiC Cohort
by Agnese Colpani, Andrea De Vito, Andrea Marino, Manuela Ceccarelli, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia, Giuseppe Nicolò Conti, Serena Spampinato, Giulia Moi, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò, Sonia Agata Sofia, Grazia Pantò, Carmelo Iacobello, Chiara Maria Frasca, Arturo Montineri, Antonio Albanese, Goffredo Angioni, Bruno Cacopardo, Giordano Madeddu, Giuseppe Nunnari and on behalf of Sardinian HIV Network and Sicilian HIV Cohort (SHiNe-SHiC) Research Groupadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2311; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102311 - 11 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Out of 39.9 million adults living with HIV in 2022, 20 million were women. Despite bearing a significant burden, women remain underrepresented in clinical trials, including those for antiretroviral treatments (ART). This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Out of 39.9 million adults living with HIV in 2022, 20 million were women. Despite bearing a significant burden, women remain underrepresented in clinical trials, including those for antiretroviral treatments (ART). This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) regimen in a real-life cohort of 99 women with HIV (females with HIV, FWH) over 48 and 96 weeks. Methods: A retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Sardinian HIV Network and Sicilian HIV Cohort (SHiNe-SHiC) research group. The study included FWH, who started B/F/TAF as a treatment switch. The primary objectives were achieving and maintaining an HIV RNA level of <50 copies/mL at 48 and 96 weeks. Secondary objectives included treatment safety, durability, and reasons for discontinuation. Data on demographics, viro-immunological markers, lipid profiles, and treatment interruptions were extracted for analysis. Results: Among the 99 FWH, the median age was 51.9 years, and the median duration of HIV was 15.1 years. At baseline, 80.8% had undetectable HIV-RNA, which increased to 93.8% at 96 weeks. There was a statistically significant increase in CD4 cells/mL (48w p < 0.001, 96w p < 0.001) and CD4/CD8 ratio (48w p < 0.009, 96w p < 0.048), and reductions in total cholesterol (48w p < 0.003, 96w p < 0.006) and LDL (48w p < 0.004, 96w p < 0.009) levels at 48 and 96 weeks. Nine treatment interruptions were noted, with one due to adverse events. The regimen was well-tolerated overall. Conclusions: B/F/TAF demonstrated high efficacy and safety in this real-world cohort of FWH, highlighting the critical need for gender-focused research in HIV treatment. Ensuring equitable access to effective treatment options for women is imperative for the global health community’s efforts to eliminate HIV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of AIDS)
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8 pages, 2059 KiB  
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Rilpivirine Activates STAT1 in Non-Parenchymal Cells to Regulate Liver Injury in People Living with HIV and MASLD
by Ángela B. Moragrega, Carmen Busca, Nadezda Apostolova, Antonio Olveira, Luz Martín-Carbonero, Eulalia Valencia, Victoria Moreno, José I. Bernardino, Marta Abadía, Juan González-García, Juan V. Esplugues, María L. Montes and Ana Blas-García
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071454 - 29 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a key determinant of the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Its increasing prevalence and a lack of effective treatments make it a major health problem worldwide, particularly in people living with HIV, among whom the prevalence of [...] Read more.
Liver fibrosis is a key determinant of the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Its increasing prevalence and a lack of effective treatments make it a major health problem worldwide, particularly in people living with HIV, among whom the prevalence of advanced fibrosis is higher. We have published preclinical data showing that Rilpivirine (RPV), a widely used anti-HIV drug, selectively triggers hepatic stellate cell (HSC) inactivation and apoptosis through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1-mediated pathways, effects that clearly attenuate liver fibrosis and promote regeneration. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of RPV-induced effects on steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in liver biopsies from well-controlled HIV-infected subjects diagnosed with MASLD. Patients on RPV exhibited similar levels of HIV-related parameters to those not receiving this drug, while showing a tendency toward improved liver function and lipid profile, as well as an enhanced activation of STAT1 in hepatic non-parenchymal cells in those with identified liver injury. This protective effect, promoting STAT1-dependent HSC inactivation, was observed at different stages of MASLD. Our results suggest that RPV-based therapy is especially indicated in HIV-infected patients with MASLD-derived liver injury and highlight the potential of RPV as a new therapeutic strategy for liver diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of AIDS)
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