Biosensors

Editorial

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3 pages, 168 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology

by Ning Hu and Hao Wan

Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060634 - 8 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 795

Abstract

Biosensing has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring biomedical mechanisms [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

Research

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13 pages, 2157 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

A Portable Smartphone-Based System for the Detection of Blood Calcium Using Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes

by Yue Wu, Yunshan Zhang, Zhongyuan Xu, Xinyu Guo, Wenjian Yang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yuheng Liao, Minzhi Fan and Diming Zhang

Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12110917 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2314

Abstract

Hypocalcemia is a disease that adversely affects the production and reproduction of dairy cows. A portable device for rapid bovine blood calcium sensing has been growing in demand. Herein, we report a smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescence probe (SRFP) platform as a new way to [...] Read more.

Hypocalcemia is a disease that adversely affects the production and reproduction of dairy cows. A portable device for rapid bovine blood calcium sensing has been growing in demand. Herein, we report a smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescence probe (SRFP) platform as a new way to detect and quantify calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in blood serum. Specifically, we employed a cost-effective and portable smartphone-based platform coupled with customized software that evaluates the response of Ca²⁺ ions to ratiometric fluorescence probe in bovine serum. The platform consists of a three-dimensional (3D) printed housing and low-cost optical components that excite fluorescent probe and selectively transmit fluorescence emissions to smartphones. The customized software is equipped with a calibration model to quantify the acquired fluorescence images and quantify the concentration of Ca²⁺ ions. The ratio of the green channel to the red channel bears a highly reproducible relationship with Ca²⁺ ions concentration from 10 μM to 40 μM in bovine serum. Our detection system has a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μM in bovine serum samples and the recoveries of real samples ranged from 92.8% to 110.1%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.72% to 4.89%. The low-cost SRFP platform has the potential to enable campesino to rapidly detect Ca²⁺ ions content in bovine serum on-demand in any environmental setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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14 pages, 2925 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Improved Automated High-Throughput Efficient Microplate Reader for Rapid Colorimetric Biosensing

by Jinhu Yang, Yue Wu, Hao Wang, Wenjian Yang, Zhongyuan Xu, Dong Liu, Hui-Jiuan Chen and Diming Zhang

Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050284 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5608

Abstract

A high-throughput instrument to measure the full spectral properties of biochemical agents is necessary for fast screening in fields such as medical tests, environmental monitoring, and food analysis. However, this need has currently not been fully met by the commercial microplate reader (CMR). [...] Read more.

A high-throughput instrument to measure the full spectral properties of biochemical agents is necessary for fast screening in fields such as medical tests, environmental monitoring, and food analysis. However, this need has currently not been fully met by the commercial microplate reader (CMR). In this study, we have developed an automated high-throughput efficient microplate reader (AHTEMR) platform by combining a spectrometer and high-precision ball screw two-dimensional motion slide together, for high-throughput and full-spectrum-required biochemical assays. A two-dimensional slide working on a ball screw was driven by a stepper motor with a custom-designed master control circuit and used as a motion system of the AHTEMR platform to achieve precise positioning and fast movement of the microplate during measurements. A compact spectrometer was coupled with an in-house designed optical pathway system and used to achieve rapid capture of the full spectral properties of biochemical agents. In a performance test, the AHTEMR platform successfully measured the full spectral absorbance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose solution in multiple wells of the microplate within several minutes and presented the real-time full spectral absorbance of BSA and glucose solution. Compared with the CMR, the AHTEMR is 79 times faster in full-spectrum measurements and 2.38 times more sensitive at the optimal wavelength of 562 nm. The rapid measurement also demonstrated the great capacity of the AHTEMR platform for screening out the best colorimetric wavelengths for tests of BSA and glucose development, which will provide a promising approach to achieving high-throughput and full-spectrum-required biochemical assays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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12 pages, 53299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Immunosensor Coupled to Enzymatic Signal for Determination of Genomic DNA Methylation

by Yitao Liang, Bin Zhang, Zexin Xue, Xuesong Ye and Bo Liang

Biosensors 2022, 12(3), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12030162 - 4 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2727

Abstract

Aberrations of genomic DNA methylation have been confirmed to be involved in the evolution of human cancer and have thus gained the potential to be depicted as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and prognostic predictions, which implicates an urgent need for detection of total [...] Read more.

Aberrations of genomic DNA methylation have been confirmed to be involved in the evolution of human cancer and have thus gained the potential to be depicted as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and prognostic predictions, which implicates an urgent need for detection of total genomic DNA methylation. In this work, we suggested an assay for the quantification of global DNA methylation, utilizing methylation specific antibody (5mC) modified magnetic beads (MBs) for immunorecognition and affinity enrichment. Subsequently, the captured DNA on the surface of MBs interacted with the glucose oxidase-conjugated DNA antibody whose catalytic reaction product was engaged in electrochemical detection of the overall level of DNA methylation on a PB-doped screen-printed electrode. With 15 pg of input DNA, which, to our best knowledge, is the lowest required amount of DNA without sodium bisulfite treatment or amplification, this test strategy was able to perceive as low as 5% methylation level within 70 min including the preparation of anti-5mC-MBs. We believe this detection technique offers a promising option to detect global DNA methylation in both academic and clinical scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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12 pages, 2811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Behavioral Effect of Terahertz Waves in C57BL/6 Mice

by Miao Qi, Rong Liu, Bing Li, Shuai Wang, Runze Fan, Xinyi Zhao and Dehui Xu

Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020079 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3638

Abstract

Terahertz is a new radiation source with many unique advantages. In recent years, its application has rapidly expanded to various fields, but there are few studies on the individual effects of terahertz. In this study, we investigated the behavioral effects of terahertz radiation [...] Read more.

Terahertz is a new radiation source with many unique advantages. In recent years, its application has rapidly expanded to various fields, but there are few studies on the individual effects of terahertz. In this study, we investigated the behavioral effects of terahertz radiation on C57BL/6 mice, and we conducted an open field test, an elevated plus maze test, a light–dark box test, a three-chamber social test, and a forced swim test to explore the effects of terahertz radiation on mice from a behavioral perspective. The results show that terahertz wave may increase anti-anxiety, anti-depression, and social interaction in mice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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18 pages, 3363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subdividing Stress Groups into Eustress and Distress Groups Using Laterality Index Calculated from Brain Hemodynamic Response

by SuJin Bak, Jaeyoung Shin and Jichai Jeong

Biosensors 2022, 12(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12010033 - 9 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5134

Abstract

A stress group should be subdivided into eustress (low-stress) and distress (high-stress) groups to better evaluate personal cognitive abilities and mental/physical health. However, it is challenging because of the inconsistent pattern in brain activation. We aimed to ascertain the necessity of subdividing the [...] Read more.

A stress group should be subdivided into eustress (low-stress) and distress (high-stress) groups to better evaluate personal cognitive abilities and mental/physical health. However, it is challenging because of the inconsistent pattern in brain activation. We aimed to ascertain the necessity of subdividing the stress groups. The stress group was screened by salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and then, the brain’s hemodynamic reactions were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on the near-infrared biosensor. We compared the two stress subgroups categorized by sAA using a newly designed emotional stimulus-response paradigm with an international affective picture system (IAPS) to enhance hemodynamic signals induced by the target effect. We calculated the laterality index for stress (LIS) from the measured signals to identify the dominantly activated cortex in both the subgroups. Both the stress groups exhibited brain activity in the right frontal cortex. Specifically, the eustress group exhibited the largest brain activity, whereas the distress group exhibited recessive brain activity, regardless of positive or negative stimuli. LIS values were larger in the order of the eustress, control, and distress groups; this indicates that the stress group can be divided into eustress and distress groups. We built a foundation for subdividing stress groups into eustress and distress groups using fNIRS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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Review

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25 pages, 5089 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Research Progress and Future Trends of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices in In-Vitro Diagnosis

by Taiyi Zhang, Feng Ding, Yujing Yang, Gaozhen Zhao, Chuanhao Zhang, Ruiming Wang and Xiaowen Huang

Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070485 - 3 Jul 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3612

Abstract

In vitro diagnosis (IVD) has become a hot topic in laboratory research and achievement transformation. However, due to the high cost, and time-consuming and complex operation of traditional technologies, some new technologies are being introduced into IVD, to solve the existing problems. As [...] Read more.

In vitro diagnosis (IVD) has become a hot topic in laboratory research and achievement transformation. However, due to the high cost, and time-consuming and complex operation of traditional technologies, some new technologies are being introduced into IVD, to solve the existing problems. As a result, IVD has begun to develop toward point-of-care testing (POCT), a subdivision field of IVD. The pandemic has made governments and health institutions realize the urgency of accelerating the development of POCT. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), a low-cost, high-efficiency, and easy-to-operate detection platform, have played a significant role in advancing the development of IVD. μPADs are composed of paper as the core material, certain unique substances as reagents for processing the paper, and sensing devices, as auxiliary equipment. The published reviews on the same topic lack a comprehensive and systematic introduction to μPAD classification and research progress in IVD segmentation. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the origin of μPADs and their role in promoting IVD, in the introduction section. Then, processing and detection methods for μPADs are summarized, and the innovative achievements of μPADs in IVD are reviewed. Finally, we discuss and prospect the upgrade and improvement directions of μPADs, in terms of portability, sensitivity, and automation, to help researchers clarify the progress and overcome the difficulties in subsequent μPAD research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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23 pages, 3514 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Glycated Hemoglobin

by Zhikun Zhan, Yang Li, Yuliang Zhao, Hongyu Zhang, Zhen Wang, Boya Fu and Wen Jung Li

Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040221 - 8 Apr 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5186

Abstract

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for measuring glucose levels in the diagnosis of diabetes due to the excellent stability and reliability of this biomarker. HbA1c is a stable glycated protein formed by the reaction of glucose with hemoglobin (Hb) in red [...] Read more.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for measuring glucose levels in the diagnosis of diabetes due to the excellent stability and reliability of this biomarker. HbA1c is a stable glycated protein formed by the reaction of glucose with hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells, which reflects average glucose levels over a period of two to three months without suffering from the disturbance of the outside environment. A number of simple, high-efficiency, and sensitive electrochemical sensors have been developed for the detection of HbA1c. This review aims to highlight current methods and trends in electrochemistry for HbA1c monitoring. The target analytes of electrochemical HbA1c sensors are usually HbA1c or fructosyl valine/fructosyl valine histidine (FV/FVH, the hydrolyzed product of HbA1c). When HbA1c is the target analyte, a sensor works to selectively bind to specific HbA1c regions and then determines the concentration of HbA1c through the quantitative transformation of weak electrical signals such as current, potential, and impedance. When FV/FVH is the target analyte, a sensor is used to indirectly determine HbA1c by detecting FV/FVH when it is hydrolyzed by fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAO), fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX), or a molecularly imprinted catalyst (MIC). Then, a current proportional to the concentration of HbA1c can be produced. In this paper, we review a variety of representative electrochemical HbA1c sensors developed in recent years and elaborate on their operational principles, performance, and promising future clinical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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30 pages, 3129 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Sensors for Wound Detection Based on Optical and Electrical Sensing

by Xianyou Sun, Yanchi Zhang, Chiyu Ma, Qunchen Yuan, Xinyi Wang, Hao Wan and Ping Wang

Biosensors 2022, 12(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12010010 - 23 Dec 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6982

Abstract

Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal can cause persistent physical pain and significant medical costs for millions of patients each year. However, traditional wound care methods based on passive bandages cannot accurately assess the wound and may cause secondary damage during frequent [...] Read more.

Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal can cause persistent physical pain and significant medical costs for millions of patients each year. However, traditional wound care methods based on passive bandages cannot accurately assess the wound and may cause secondary damage during frequent replacement. With advances in materials science and smart sensing technology, flexible wearable sensors for wound condition assessment have been developed that can accurately detect physiological markers in wounds and provide the necessary information for treatment decisions. The sensors can implement the sensing of biochemical markers and physical parameters that can reflect the infection and healing process of the wound, as well as transmit vital physiological information to the mobile device through optical or electrical signals. Most reviews focused on the applicability of flexible composites in the wound environment or drug delivery devices. This paper summarizes typical biochemical markers and physical parameters in wounds and their physiological significance, reviews recent advances in flexible wearable sensors for wound detection based on optical and electrical sensing principles in the last 5 years, and discusses the challenges faced and future development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the development of flexible wearable sensors for wound detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrical/Optical Biosensing and Regulating Technology)

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