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Brain Sciences
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Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation
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Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Cognitive, Social and Affective Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2025) | Viewed by 7138

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rubén Trigueros Ramos

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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: motivation; cognitive development; social awareness; resilience
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. José M. Aguilar-Parra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: confirmatory factorial analysis; motivation; emotions; exploratory factorial analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rocío Collado-Soler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
Interests: anxiety; emotion; cognitive development; educational methodologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of cognitive and psychometric evaluation has evolved from early intelligence tests to current models based on cognitive theories, computational approaches, and neuroscience-informed frameworks. This Special Issue explores advances in assessing cognitive processes, highlighting the integration of psychometric methods with cognitive neuroscience approaches. It addresses the enhancement of traditional instruments, the incorporation of advanced data analysis techniques, and the use of psychophysiological and neurophysiological methods, such as EEG, fMRI, and eye-tracking, to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive performance.

Particular attention will be given to applications across diverse populations, including clinical groups (e.g., individuals with neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders), culturally diverse populations, those in education, and ageing adults. The special issue seeks to foster a multidisciplinary perspective, bridging cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychometrics, to develop culturally sensitive, neurobiologically grounded assessments.

Prof. Dr. Rubén Trigueros Ramos
Prof. Dr. José M. Aguilar-Parra
Guest Editors

Dr. Rocío Collado-Soler
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cognitive assessment
  • psychometric evaluation
  • measurement innovation
  • advanced data analysis
  • affective assessment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 610 KB  
Article
The Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Mental Fatigue Scale in Turkish Athletes
by Yusuf Soylu, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Ersan Arslan, Haitham Jahrami, Bulent Kilit, Khaled Trabelsi, Achraf Ammar and Jesús Díaz-García
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16010074 - 6 Jan 2026
Viewed by 870
Abstract
Background/Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFs) to evaluate the psychometric properties in adult and adolescent athletes. Methods: A total of 491 adolescent and adult athletes (n = 491) consisting of 204 adults (men = 115; female [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFs) to evaluate the psychometric properties in adult and adolescent athletes. Methods: A total of 491 adolescent and adult athletes (n = 491) consisting of 204 adults (men = 115; female = 90; age = 24.38 ± 3.18 year) and 287 adolescents (men = 178; female = 109; age = 14.97 ± 1.55 year) who actively participated in various sports branches voluntarily participated in this study. The MFs consists of fifteen (15) items and a single-factor structure and is a measurement tool used to measure the general mental fatigue level of athletes. Two experts used a four-point Likert scale to assess the content validity of each of the fifteen MFs items, which were aligned with the provided definition of mental fatigue in a sports context. Drawing on these findings, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the survey data collected to assess the construct validity of this measure. Results: The outcomes of the confirmatory factor analysis provided acceptable support for factorial validity (χ2/sd = 1.52; p < 0.01, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.89, NNFI = 0.87). Additionally, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported measurement invariance, indicating that the scale functions equivalently across adolescent and adult athletes. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated favorable internal consistency (α = 0.88), confirming the reliability of the MFs. Test–retest after two weeks revealed an intra-class correlation of 0.90. Conclusions: Collectively, these results suggest that the MFs is a dependable and valid instrument that is particularly valuable for gauging overall mental fatigue in athletes. Coaches and sports scientists can use this assessment tool to evaluate athletes’ general mental fatigue effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation)
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22 pages, 808 KB  
Article
Understanding Athlete Emotions: A Psychometric Approach to the AEQ-S in Sports
by María-Jesús Lirola, Rubén Trigueros, José Manuel Aguilar Parra and Clemente Franco
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16010046 - 29 Dec 2025
Viewed by 693
Abstract
Introduction: This study focuses on the adaptation and validation of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Short (AEQ-S) to the Spanish sports context. Emotions play a crucial role in athletes’ decision making, making it essential to have reliable assessment tools tailored to this field. Method: The [...] Read more.
Introduction: This study focuses on the adaptation and validation of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Short (AEQ-S) to the Spanish sports context. Emotions play a crucial role in athletes’ decision making, making it essential to have reliable assessment tools tailored to this field. Method: The AEQ-S was administered to 998 professional athletes (mean age: 26.83 years). The adaptation followed the Hambleton method and involved the support of sports psychologists. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted, along with tests for reliability and criterion validity. Results: The analyses confirmed that the factor structure of the AEQ-S in sports aligns with the original version, identifying eight key emotions: enjoyment, hope, pride, anxiety, anger, shame, hopelessness, and boredom. Furthermore, positive emotions were positively associated with resilience, while negative emotions showed an inverse relationship. Conclusions: The adapted AEQ-S proved to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing emotions in athletes. Its applications extend to both research and professional practice in the sports domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation)
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16 pages, 770 KB  
Article
On the Low Reliability of Sunk Cost Vignettes
by Michał Białek and Emilia Biesiada
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080808 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sunk cost bias—continuing failing endeavours due to prior investments—is among the most studied decision-making biases. Despite decades of vignette-based research, these measures lack systematic psychometric validation. We examined whether widely-used sunk cost scenarios reliably measure the same psychological construct. Methods: Across two [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Sunk cost bias—continuing failing endeavours due to prior investments—is among the most studied decision-making biases. Despite decades of vignette-based research, these measures lack systematic psychometric validation. We examined whether widely-used sunk cost scenarios reliably measure the same psychological construct. Methods: Across two experiments (N = 395), we tested established sunk cost vignettes, including classic scenarios from Arkes and Blumer (1985). English-speaking participants from Prolific Academic completed vignettes alongside cognitive reflection and social desirability measures. We assessed internal consistency and intercorrelations between scenarios. Results: Internal consistency was consistently poor (ω = 0.14–0.57) with weak intercorrelations between scenarios. Even highly similar vignettes correlated only moderately. External validity was problematic, showing inconsistent relationships with cognitive reflection and social desirability across vignettes. Conclusions: These measurement failures have critical implications for neuroimaging research, where unreliable behavioural measures may be mistaken for genuine neural differences. The field needs systematic categorization of scenarios to identify which vignettes engage specific psychological processes and neural circuits, enabling more targeted theoretical development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation)
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15 pages, 295 KB  
Article
Validity Evidence of the TRIACOG-Online Administered In-Person to Adults Post Stroke
by Luana Comito Muner, Guilherme Domingos Martins, Ana Beatriz Santos Honda, Natália Becker and Jaqueline de Carvalho Rodrigues
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(7), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15070737 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 970
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Neuropsychological assessment tools adapted for digital formats are crucial to expanding access and improving cognitive evaluation in post-stroke patients. This study aimed to examine the reliability, convergent validity, and criterion-related validity (concurrent and known-groups) of TRIACOG-Online, a computerized cognitive screening tool [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Neuropsychological assessment tools adapted for digital formats are crucial to expanding access and improving cognitive evaluation in post-stroke patients. This study aimed to examine the reliability, convergent validity, and criterion-related validity (concurrent and known-groups) of TRIACOG-Online, a computerized cognitive screening tool designed to assess multiple domains in post-stroke adults in person or remotely. Methods: 98 participants (47 neurologically healthy adults and 51 post-stroke patients) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination—MMSE, G-38—Nonverbal Intelligence Test, and the TRIACOG-Online assessment. Evaluations were conducted in person, computer mediated. Results: TRIACOG-Online demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.872; McDonald’s ω = 0.923). Statistically significant differences were found between groups in episodic memory, attention, executive functions, and numerical processing, with healthy individuals outperforming post-stroke participants. Effect sizes were medium to large in several domains, especially for visual memory. Validity evidence based on the relationship with external variables was supported by negative correlations with age and positive correlations with education and reading and writing habits, particularly in the clinical group. Educational level showed stronger associations with verbal memory and language, suggesting a protective role in post-stroke cognitive performance. TRIACOG-Online scores demonstrated evidence of convergent validity with MMSE and G-38. Conclusions: TRIACOG-Online shows strong psychometric properties for the cognitive assessment of post-stroke adults. Its computerized format represents a promising tool for clinical and research use in neuropsychology, especially for bedside applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation)
20 pages, 831 KB  
Article
Adoption of Technology in Older Adults in Mexico City: An Approach from the Technology Acceptance Model
by Itzel Julieta De la Peña-López and Elizabeth Acosta-Gonzaga
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(6), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15060632 - 12 Jun 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Currently, older adults face significant digital exclusion due to a lack of technological skills, which limits their access to essential services and their social participation in an environment increasingly dependent on technology. This study aimed to analyze how technological anxiety and social [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Currently, older adults face significant digital exclusion due to a lack of technological skills, which limits their access to essential services and their social participation in an environment increasingly dependent on technology. This study aimed to analyze how technological anxiety and social influence affect the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and adoption intention of technological tools among older adults in Mexico City using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Methods: A survey was conducted with 70 older adults attending an event in Mexico City. Results: The findings confirm that, although perceived usefulness and ease of use remain pillars of technology use intention, technology anxiety acts as a critical barrier limiting adoption. At the same time, social influence has a dual effect: on the one hand, it facilitates the perception of ease of use; on the other, it diminishes the perception of usefulness when support becomes pressuring or impatient. Conclusions: These results underscore the need to design interventions that reduce anxiety, strengthen digital literacy, and promote empathetic and motivating social support, thereby effectively enhancing technology adoption among older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cognitive and Psychometric Evaluation)
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