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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Dissecting Neuroinflammation and Ocular System
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Dissecting Neuroinflammation and Ocular System

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuro-otology and Neuro-ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2023) | Viewed by 8897

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. WenRu Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
Interests: retina; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; central nervous system; autoimmune; uveitis; microglia; T cells single-cell

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation not only plays a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but is also a nonnegligible element in the occurrence and progression of ocular diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Astrocyte and microglia, the immune cells in the CNS, are critical actors in neuroinflammation and maintain the homeostasis of the retina and central visual pathways. However, the research in this area is still not ample. Considering the importance of neuroinflammation, we believe that it is necessary to further explore neuroinflammation in various ocular diseases and the potential molecular mechanism of their pathogenesis. The main vision of the present Special Issue is to strengthen the current knowledge of the role of neuroinflammation in the ocular system. Original research and review articles will be considered.

Prof. Dr. WenRu Su
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • neuroinflammation
  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • glaucoma
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • immune
  • ocular system
  • retina

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2947 KiB  
Article
Hydrogels to Support Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
by Ying Wei, Uwimana Alexandre and Xiang Ma
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(12), 1620; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121620 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
Purpose: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are highly specialized neural cells with several functions essential for vision. Progressive deterioration of RPE cells in elderly individuals can result in visual impairment and, ultimately, blinding disease. While human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cell (hESC-RPE) growth [...] Read more.
Purpose: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are highly specialized neural cells with several functions essential for vision. Progressive deterioration of RPE cells in elderly individuals can result in visual impairment and, ultimately, blinding disease. While human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cell (hESC-RPE) growth conditions are generally harsher than those of cell lines, the subretinal transplantation of hESC-RPE is being clinically explored as a strategy to recover the damaged retina and improve vision. The cell-adhesion ability of the support is required for RPE transplantation, where pre-polarized cells can maintain specific functions on the scaffold. This work examined four typical biodegradable hydrogels as supports for hESC-RPE growth. Methods: Four biodegradable hydrogels were examined: gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA), alginate, and fibrin hydrogels. ARPE-19 and hESC-RPE cells were seeded onto the hydrogels separately, and the ability of these supports to facilitate adherence, proliferation, and homogeneous distribution of differentiated hESC-RPE cells was investigated. Furthermore, the hydrogel’s subretinal bio-compatibility was assessed in vivo. Results: We showed that ARPE-19 and hESC-RPE cells adhered and proliferated only on the fibrin support. The monolayer formed when cells reached confluency, demonstrating the polygonal semblance, and revealing actin filaments that moved along the cytoplasm. The expression of tight junction proteins at cell interfaces on the 14th day of seeding demonstrated the barrier function of epithelial cells on polymeric surfaces and the interaction between cells. Moreover, the expression of proteins crucial for retinal functions and matrix production was positively affected by fibrin, with an increment of PEDF. Our in vivo investigation with fibrin hydrogels revealed high short-term subretinal biocompatibility. Conclusions: The research of stem cell-based cell therapy for retinal degenerative diseases is more complicated than that of cell lines. Our results showed that fibrin is a suitable scaffold for hESC-RPE transplantation, which could be a new grafting material for tissue engineering RPE cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dissecting Neuroinflammation and Ocular System)
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12 pages, 491 KiB  
Article
Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Uveitis Induced by Anticancer Drugs: A Review of Literature
by Dongchen Li, Li Yang, Feng Bai, Shun Zeng and Xiaoli Liu
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(9), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091168 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
There are increasing reports that anticancer drugs, especially immunotherapy and specific targeted therapy, can cause uveitis, but it is not fully understood whether the clinical features of this drug-induced uveitis differ from those of other types of uveitis and whether there are differences [...] Read more.
There are increasing reports that anticancer drugs, especially immunotherapy and specific targeted therapy, can cause uveitis, but it is not fully understood whether the clinical features of this drug-induced uveitis differ from those of other types of uveitis and whether there are differences between these drugs. We retrospectively reviewed the published cases and case series in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane from January 2011 to October 2020. We analysed the data, including patients’ basic information, medications used, duration of use, time to onset, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of uveitis. We focused on the differences in uveitis caused by immunotherapy and specific targeted therapy. Altogether 93 cases (43 men, 48 women, and 2 cases whose gender was not mentioned) reported in 55 articles were included in this study. The average age was 59.6 ± 13.5 years. Eighty percent of the patients had bilateral involvement. Sixty cases were caused by immunotherapy (64.5%), and twenty-six were caused by specific targeted therapy (27.9%). No significant difference was found in the mean time from treatment to onset between the two groups. Anticancer drug-induced uveitis can involve all parts of the uvea from anterior to posterior, manifested as anterior chamber flare, anterior chamber cells, papillitis, macular oedema, subretinal fluid, and choroidal effusion. Anterior uveitis (24 cases, 40.0%) was more common in immunotherapy, and intermediate uveitis (8 cases, 30.8%) was more common in specific targeted therapy. The mean LogMAR visual acuity in specific targeted therapy at presentation was lower than in immunotherapy, but it was not statistically significant. Corticosteroid therapy can effectively control uveitis induced by anticancer drugs. However, the survival prognosis was poor. Among the 19 patients with reported cancer prognosis, seven (36.8%) had no cancer progression, eight (42.1%) had further metastases, and four (21.0%) died of cancer. In conclusion, uveitis caused by anticancer drugs involves both eyes and manifests as various types of uveitis. Patients with specific targeted therapy are more likely to have intermediate uveitis and low vision, and immunotherapy patients are more likely to have anterior uveitis. Corticosteroids are effective against uveitis caused by anticancer drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dissecting Neuroinflammation and Ocular System)
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9 pages, 1322 KiB  
Case Report
MOGAD Involving Cranial Neuropathies: A Case Report and Review of Literature
by Yangsa Du, Ling Xiao, Zijin Ding, Kailing Huang, Bo Xiao and Li Feng
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(11), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111529 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients with MOGAD may develop any combination of optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, brainstem syndrome and encephalitis. Reports of MOGAD with cranial nerve involvement are rare. Herein, [...] Read more.
Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Patients with MOGAD may develop any combination of optic neuritis (ON), myelitis, brainstem syndrome and encephalitis. Reports of MOGAD with cranial nerve involvement are rare. Herein, we report a MOGAD patient with cranial neuropathies. In addition, we summarized the clinical features of the previously reported six MOG-IgG-positive cases with cranial nerve involvement and discussed the underlying mechanisms of MOGAD involving cranial nerves. Cranial neuropathy is an emerging phenotype in MOGAD, which has characteristics of both central and peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement, with the trigeminal nerve being the most commonly affected nerve. MOG antibody testing in patients with cranial neuropathies is warranted, and immunotherapy is advocated when the risk of relapse is high. Although higher antibody titers and persistently positive serological test results are predictive of disease recurrence, the long-term outcomes of MOG-IgG-positive patients with cranial neuropathies remain largely unknown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dissecting Neuroinflammation and Ocular System)
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7 pages, 1534 KiB  
Case Report
Camrelizumab-Induced Isolate Abducens Neuritis: A Rare Ophthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events
by Yanli Hou, Qiang Su, Simeng Tang and Hongyang Li
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(9), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091242 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
Background: Anti-tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces several immune-related adverse events. Camrelizumab-related isolate abducens neuritis is rare. Case presentation: We report on a 67-year-old man with esophageal cancer who presented with acute-onset isolated right abducens cranial nerve palsy after ten cycles of [...] Read more.
Background: Anti-tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces several immune-related adverse events. Camrelizumab-related isolate abducens neuritis is rare. Case presentation: We report on a 67-year-old man with esophageal cancer who presented with acute-onset isolated right abducens cranial nerve palsy after ten cycles of Camrelizumab treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed thickening and post-contrast enhancement at the cisternal segment of the right abducens nerve. The diagnosis was immune-related abducens neuritis caused by Camrelizumab. We put him on oral taper corticoids (methylprednisone) for neuritis treatment without Camrelizumab suspension. One month after treatment, he recovered completely. At the last follow-up, one year after the onset of diplopia, the patient was in good condition without neurological symptom recurrence. Conclusion: Abducens neuritis is a rare immune-related adverse outcome of Camrelizumab. The present case proves the efficacy and safety of using corticoids in the treatment of abducens neuritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dissecting Neuroinflammation and Ocular System)
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