Advancements and Future Directions in Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Research
A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2025) | Viewed by 2092
Special Issue Editors
Interests: brain connectivity; substance use; neurocognitive maturation; adolescence
Interests: neuroimaging methods; neurofeedback; computational modeling
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) has emerged as a powerful tool to train individuals to regulate specific brain regions or networks. Basic science applications of rtfMRI-nf have demonstrated success in neurofeedback-related learning, and clinical applications of rtfMRI-nf have shown improved cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral functioning in response to neurofeedback training. Although many advancements have been made in the rigor of rtfMRI-nf research, the following gaps remain: (1) Mechanisms of Action: The neural mechanisms underlying volitional control of brain activity, and subsequent brain–behavior linkages, remain unclear; (2) Long-Term Effects: There is limited evidence on the time course of neurofeedback learning; (3) Generalization of Results: There is insufficient evidence on whether neurofeedback leads to broad cognitive, emotional, or behavioral improvements across different contexts or individuals; (4) Sample Size and Replication: Larger, well-powered studies are needed to confirm reliability and generalizability; and (5) Individual Differences: There is limited research on predictors of neurofeedback success (e.g., personality traits, baseline brain activity patterns, cognitive factors). Original manuscripts and review papers addressing these knowledge gaps will likely advance basic science and clinical applications of rtfMRI-nf.
Dr. Meghan Martz
Dr. Scott Peltier
Dr. Stefanie Russman Block
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- neurofeedback
- real-time fMRI
- neuromodulation
- imaging methods
- self-regulation
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