Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Biomass for Efficient and Clean Utilization

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomass Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 815

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Wood Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
Interests: biomass energy and materials; biomass catalytic pyrolysis; solvent liquefaction; biomass aerogel; biomass carbon material; functional modification; carbon-based catalyst

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Guest Editor
1. School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3. Zhengzhou International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on Carbon Neutrality of Organic Solid Waste Conversion, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: bioenergy; waste-to-energy; thermal chemical conversion; co-pyrolysis; synergistic gasification; carbon neutrality; negative carbon technology; life cycle assessment; carbon footprint analysis; green carbon resources

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3. Zhengzhou International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on Carbon Neutrality of Organic Solid Waste Conversion, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: biomass energy; hydrogen energy; thermal chemical conversion; catalytic conversion; carbon neutrality; negative carbon technology; life cycle assessment; carbon footprint analysis; green carbon resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on key scientific issues such as heat and mass transfer in the process of thermochemical conversion of organic solid waste (biomass) to produce hydrogen, oil and carbon materials. It focuses on hot topics in the fields of biomass catalytic pyrolysis path and product distribution, new catalyst synthesis path and catalytic conversion strategy, biomass catalytic pyrolysis mechanism and product regulation, recovery of valuable metals such as iron, cobalt and aluminum from waste residue as basic catalysts in biomass catalytic conversion, and energy saving and emission reduction in the whole process of biomass catalytic conversion. The aim is to build a platform for academic exchanges and cooperation in related fields—such as biomass catalytic conversion and clean high-value conversion for hydrogen production, carbon capture and carbon-based materials for scholars from all over the world—to serve scientific research and process upgrading in global resources, energy, environment and chemical industry; to provide scientific, diversified and feasible theoretical basis and technical reference for its green, low-carbon and sustainable development; and to help achieve the goal of 'double carbon'.

Topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Catalytic conversion path and reaction kinetics of typical biomass.
  • Catalytic cracking removal of by-product tar in biomass catalytic conversion process.
  • Distribution of products (syngas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis residue) and catalytic upgrading during biomass catalytic pyrolysis.
  • The application of valuable metals, such as iron, cobalt and aluminum, recovered from waste residue as basic catalysts in biomass catalytic conversion.
  • Preparation of biomass carbon-based materials and its application as a catalyst carrier.
  • Synthesis and catalytic pathway of novel catalysts for biomass catalytic conversion.
  • Review of research status and emerging research hotspots related to high-value biomass catalytic conversion.

Prof. Dr. Xiangyu Li 
Prof. Dr. Zhiwei Wang
Dr. Xueqin Li
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomass
  • organic solid waste
  • catalytic conversion

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 4468 KB  
Article
Physicochemical Characterization and Formation Pathway of Hydrochar from Brewer’s Spent Grain via Hydrothermal Carbonization
by Pengbo Liu, Sheng Huang, Youqing Wu, Xueqin Li, Xiao Wei and Shiyong Wu
Catalysts 2025, 15(9), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090847 - 3 Sep 2025
Viewed by 573
Abstract
In order to investigate the formation pathway of hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and to identify the optimal process conditions for producing high-quality pyrolysis feedstock, the effect of hydrothermal temperature (220, 250, and 280 °C) on tar and hydrochar properties were analyzed by [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the formation pathway of hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and to identify the optimal process conditions for producing high-quality pyrolysis feedstock, the effect of hydrothermal temperature (220, 250, and 280 °C) on tar and hydrochar properties were analyzed by GC-MS, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, and SEM using protein-rich brewer’s spent grain (BSG) as raw material. The results showed that aromatic compounds play a major role in tar production. Increasing hydrothermal temperature significantly enhanced volatile matter removal and consequently increased the fixed carbon content from 23.14 wt.% in HC-220 to 27.07 wt.% in HC-280, while the catalytic effect of H3O+ produced by high-temperature water facilitated the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, resulting in a reduction in the H/C atomic ratio from 1.44 in HC-220 to 1.25 in HC-280 and the O/C atom ratio from 0.32 in HC-220 to 0.25 in HC-280. HC-280 exhibited superior fuel properties, with a high heating value (HHV) of 35.4 MJ/kg. XPS analysis indicated that elevated temperatures promote the conversion of sp3 C to sp2 C (the value of sp2 C/sp3 C increased from 1.13 in HC-220 to 1.49 in HC-280), significantly increasing the aromatic condensation degree of hydrochar. The more pronounced reduction in the -OH content compared to -COOH indicated that dehydration reactions predominated over decarboxylation. Finally, the formation pathways of hydrochar during HTC were revealed based on the properties of different products. The results demonstrate that HTC is an effective method for converting BSG into pyrolysis feedstock with potential applications in energy production. Future work should focus on the technical–economic assessment of the process at a pilot scale and evaluating the hydrochar’s performance in real pyrolysis systems. Full article
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