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Catalysts
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2020s Vision on Catalysts: Operando Characterization Methods
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2020s Vision on Catalysts: Operando Characterization Methods

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2021) | Viewed by 10020

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kevin Morgan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
Interests: catalysis, spatial resolution, catalyst characterization, kinetics, temporal analysis of products
Dr. Ahmed Osman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
Interests: heterogenous catalysis; methane oxidation; methanol synthesis; hydrogen production; biomass; plastics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Christopher McCallum

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bryden Centre, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Port Road, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland
Interests: Catalytic biomass valorization; Pyrolysis; Gasification; GC analysis; HPLC Analysis; Energy Analysis; Life Cycle Analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Catalysis plays a major role in our society and we always strive to produce catalysts with improved performance. In order to do so, it is necessary to gain understanding of how catalysts operate in the real world. A range of characterization methods can be used in order to provide increased information on conversions, kinetics and mechanisms. This Special Issue collects original research papers, reviews and commentaries focused on recent studies and advances of operando characterization methods for heterogeneous gas phase catalysis.

Submissions are welcome especially (but not exclusively) in the following areas:

1）Infrared

2）X-ray absorption

3）Spatial resolution

4）NMR

5）Tomography

6）Kinetic Studies (experimental and modelling)  

Dr. Kevin Morgan
Dr. Ahmed Osman
Dr. Christopher McCallum
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Characterization
  • Operando Studies
  • Spectroscopy
  • Kinetics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3572 KiB  
Article
Sample Environment for Operando Hard X-ray Tomography—An Enabling Technology for Multimodal Characterization in Heterogeneous Catalysis
by Johannes Becher, Sebastian Weber, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Jan Garrevoet, Gerald Falkenberg, Debora Motta Meira, Sakura Pascarelli, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt and Thomas L. Sheppard
Catalysts 2021, 11(4), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11040459 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3804
Abstract
Structure–activity relations in heterogeneous catalysis can be revealed through in situ and operando measurements of catalysts in their active state. While hard X-ray tomography is an ideal method for non-invasive, multimodal 3D structural characterization on the micron to nm scale, performing tomography under [...] Read more.
Structure–activity relations in heterogeneous catalysis can be revealed through in situ and operando measurements of catalysts in their active state. While hard X-ray tomography is an ideal method for non-invasive, multimodal 3D structural characterization on the micron to nm scale, performing tomography under controlled gas and temperature conditions is challenging. Here, we present a flexible sample environment for operando hard X-ray tomography at synchrotron radiation sources. The setup features are discussed, with demonstrations of operando powder X-ray diffraction tomography (XRD-CT) and energy-dispersive tomographic X-ray absorption spectroscopy (ED-XAS-CT). Catalysts for CO2 methanation and partial oxidation of methane are shown as case studies. The setup can be adapted for different hard X-ray microscopy, spectroscopy, or scattering synchrotron radiation beamlines, is compatible with absorption, diffraction, fluorescence, and phase-contrast imaging, and can operate with scanning focused beam or full-field acquisition mode. We present an accessible methodology for operando hard X-ray tomography studies, which offer a unique source of 3D spatially resolved characterization data unavailable to contemporary methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2020s Vision on Catalysts: Operando Characterization Methods)
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10 pages, 4798 KiB  
Article
Example on the Use of Operando Spectroscopy for Developing Mechanistic Insights into Industrial Catalysts and Catalytic Processes
by Claire Chunjuan Zhang, Shiang Sung, Sage Hartlaub, Ivan Petrovic and Bilge Yilmaz
Catalysts 2021, 11(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020200 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1992
Abstract
In this contribution, we present an industrial example on how tailored operando spectroscopic methodologies provide the insights needed for the development of new catalytic technologies and support their global utilization. We describe the use of operando spectroscopic methods to investigate how the CO [...] Read more.
In this contribution, we present an industrial example on how tailored operando spectroscopic methodologies provide the insights needed for the development of new catalytic technologies and support their global utilization. We describe the use of operando spectroscopic methods to investigate how the CO oxidation performance of catalysts is impacted by NOx, H2, temperature, and moisture, as well as the catalyst support. This operando spectroscopic analysis provides mechanistic insights into the current diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) system and shines light on the material and process development efforts on future DOC catalysts for low-temperature emission control to meet the new regulations. This investigation has shown that at cold-start temperatures, the nitrate growth can occupy the precious metal–alumina support interfacial sites that are critical for O2 dissociation and/or oxygen transfer and hinder CO conversion. Introduction of hydrogen on the catalyst surface can inhibit the nitrate growth, which in turn keeps these critical interfacial sites open. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2020s Vision on Catalysts: Operando Characterization Methods)
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13 pages, 1744 KiB  
Article
Screening of Biocatalysts for Synthesis of the Wieland–Miescher Ketone
by Mitul P. Patel, Nathaneal T. Green, Jacob K. Burch, Kimberly A. Kew and Robert M. Hughes
Catalysts 2020, 10(9), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10091063 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3457
Abstract
Lipases, a versatile class of biocatalysts, have been shown to function in non-aqueous media/organic solvents and to possess “promiscuous” catalytic activity for a wide range of organic transformations. In this study, we explored the biocatalytic properties of a library of commercially available lipases [...] Read more.
Lipases, a versatile class of biocatalysts, have been shown to function in non-aqueous media/organic solvents and to possess “promiscuous” catalytic activity for a wide range of organic transformations. In this study, we explored the biocatalytic properties of a library of commercially available lipases by screening them for catalysis of a one-pot synthesis of Wieland–Miescher ketone, an important intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as steroids and terpenoids, from methyl vinyl ketone and 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione. As a direct outgrowth of this screen, we created an optimized procedure for Wieland–Miescher ketone (WMK) synthesis using crude lipase preparations, characterizing both reaction yield and enantiomeric excess. We also identified principal components of the crude lipase mixture through proteomics and present evidence for a non-lipolytic origin of the observed catalysis. Finally, using the optimized conditions developed in this study, we propose a general absorbance-based screening methodology for assessing biocatalytic potential of crude enzyme preparations for synthesis of WMK. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2020s Vision on Catalysts: Operando Characterization Methods)
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