Advancements in Cellular Immunotherapies in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Era for Cancer Treatment

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 4741

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile
Interests: connexin; immune response; tumor cells; cancer therapy; biomarkers; antitumor immunotherapies

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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
2. Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8380453, Chile
3. Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: tumor immunology; cancer immunotherapy; dendritic cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The landscape of cancer treatment has undergone a remarkable transformation with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These groundbreaking therapies have ushered in a new era in the fight against cancer by unleashing the power of the immune system to target and destroy malignant cells. Concurrently, cellular immunotherapies have emerged as a promising treatment frontier, offering personalized and precise approaches to combat this complex disease. Cell-mediated immunity can eliminate cancer cells and provide durable remissions. This Special Issue, entitled "Advancements in Cellular Immunotherapies in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Era for Cancer Treatment," aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in this dynamic field, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, whole-tumor-cell vaccines, and adoptive cell (T-cell, NK cell, or CAR-T cell) transfer.

Dr. Andrés Tittarelli
Dr. Flavio Salazar-Onfray
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • CAR-T cells
  • NK-cell immunotherapy
  • adoptive T-cell transfer
  • dendritic cell cancer vaccines
  • whole-tumor-cell vaccines

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 2717 KB  
Article
A Microfluidics Approach for Ovarian Cancer Immune Monitoring in an Outpatient Setting
by Sarah Libbrecht, Ann Vankerckhoven, Koen de Wijs, Thaïs Baert, Gitte Thirion, Katja Vandenbrande, Toon Van Gorp, Dirk Timmerman, An Coosemans and Liesbet Lagae
Cells 2024, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13010007 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3418
Abstract
Among cancer diagnoses in women, ovarian cancer has the fifth-highest mortality rate. Current treatments are unsatisfactory, and new therapies are highly needed. Immunotherapies show great promise but have not reached their full potential in ovarian cancer patients. Implementation of an immune readout could [...] Read more.
Among cancer diagnoses in women, ovarian cancer has the fifth-highest mortality rate. Current treatments are unsatisfactory, and new therapies are highly needed. Immunotherapies show great promise but have not reached their full potential in ovarian cancer patients. Implementation of an immune readout could offer better guidance and development of immunotherapies. However, immune profiling is often performed using a flow cytometer, which is bulky, complex, and expensive. This equipment is centralized and operated by highly trained personnel, making it cumbersome and time-consuming. We aim to develop a disposable microfluidic chip capable of performing an immune readout with the sensitivity needed to guide diagnostic decision making as close as possible to the patient. As a proof of concept of the fluidics module of this concept, acquisition of a limited immune panel based on CD45, CD8, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), and a live/dead marker was compared to a conventional flow cytometer (BD FACSymphony). Based on a dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 patients with ovarian cancer across different stages of treatment, we obtained a 99% correlation coefficient for the detection of CD8+PD1+ T cells relative to the total amount of CD45+ white blood cells. Upon further system development comprising further miniaturization of optics, this microfluidics chip could enable immune monitoring in an outpatient setting, facilitating rapid acquisition of data without the need for highly trained staff. Full article
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13 pages, 2626 KB  
Brief Report
PLGA Nanoencapsulation Enhances Immunogenicity of Heat-Shocked Melanoma Tumor Cell Lysates
by Kevin Calderón Matheu, Benjamín Cáceres Araya, Fiorella Tarkowski Diaz, Natalia Hassan, Flavio Salazar-Onfray and Andrés Tittarelli
Cells 2025, 14(24), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14241939 - 6 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have emerged as promising immunotherapy approaches. TRIMEL, a heat-shocked lysate derived from three melanoma cell lines, constitutes the basis of TAPCells and TRIMELVax cancer vaccines, both of which have shown clinical efficacy but face major limitations in stability and logistics [...] Read more.
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have emerged as promising immunotherapy approaches. TRIMEL, a heat-shocked lysate derived from three melanoma cell lines, constitutes the basis of TAPCells and TRIMELVax cancer vaccines, both of which have shown clinical efficacy but face major limitations in stability and logistics due to the requirement of ultra-low temperature storage. In this study, we evaluated the encapsulation of TRIMEL into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP-TRIMEL) as a strategy to enhance stability and preserve immunogenic function under more feasible storage conditions. NP-TRIMEL was synthesized using a double-emulsion method and characterized by hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, morphology, and TRIMEL loading. Functional assays using melanoma patient-derived monocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes suggested that NP-TRIMEL promoted the generation of TAPCells capable of inducing cytotoxic lymphocytes against allogeneic melanoma cells, even after 24 weeks of storage at 4 °C. Remarkably, NP-TRIMEL showed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in efficiency compared to the original TRIMEL in promoting TAPCells differentiation and lymphocyte activation. These findings provide evidence that tumor cell lysates can be functionally stabilized and even potentiated through nanoencapsulation, reinforcing the concept that delivery platforms not only preserve but also enhance antigen-driven immune responses. Full article
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