Cellular Mechanisms in Pregnancy and Foetal Development

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 3736

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
Interests: metabolism; cell culture; metabolic flux; glycolysis; placenta; ace2; organoid; RNA

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Guest Editor
Département Adaptations du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Interests: deficit hyperactivity disorder; neural crest; developmental biology; dlx genes; evolution; craniofacial develipment; neuronal differentiation; behavior; homeobox genes; reproduction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pregnancy is a finely orchestrated process involving complex cellular and molecular interactions among the mother, the placenta, and the developing foetus. Disruption to these processes can lead to pregnancy complications with lifelong consequences for maternal and child health. A deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie fertilisation, implantation, placental development, foetal growth, and maternal adaptation is therefore essential in improving pregnancy outcomes worldwide.

Despite remarkable advances in clinical care and technology, our knowledge of the fundamental biology of pregnancy remains incomplete. For example, even the basic mechanisms of placental ageing are only just beginning to be unravelled, yet these processes are increasingly recognised as critical drivers of complications such as foetal growth restriction and stillbirth. This gap between mechanistic understanding and clinical application limits our ability to achieve real-world advances in healthcare, underscoring the urgency of further discovery research.

This Special Issue will explore fundamental and translational advances in this field. Topics of interest include cellular pathways regulating trophoblast and placental development; foetal and maternal cell signalling; immune interactions at the maternal–foetal interface; mechanisms of placental ageing and dysfunction; the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of foetal growth; the metabolic and endocrine control of pregnancy; mechanisms involved in fertility and implantation; and innovative in vitro and in vivo models to investigate cellular dynamics. We particularly encourage contributions addressing how these mechanisms intersect with pregnancy complications.

Dr. Anya L. Arthurs
Dr. Giovanni Levi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • pregnancy
  • fetus
  • reproduction
  • placenta
  • maternal
  • fertility
  • preeclampsia
  • fetal growth restriction
  • gestational diabetes
  • stillbirth

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1256 KB  
Article
Liraglutide-Driven Weight Loss Modulates Placental Remodeling in Obese Pregnancies in Mice
by Natassia Rodrigo, Dunja Aksentijevic, Nikayla Patel, Carol A. Pollock, Lana McClements and Sarah J. Glastras
Cells 2025, 14(24), 2009; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14242009 - 17 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 645
Abstract
Background: The placenta stands at the maternal–fetal interface and is a key organ regulating the intrauterine environment. In pregnancies exposed to obesity, placental function, signaling, and nutrient handling are adversely altered. Pre-conception weight loss is a potential intervention to alter an obesogenic milieu [...] Read more.
Background: The placenta stands at the maternal–fetal interface and is a key organ regulating the intrauterine environment. In pregnancies exposed to obesity, placental function, signaling, and nutrient handling are adversely altered. Pre-conception weight loss is a potential intervention to alter an obesogenic milieu of pregnancy, which we investigated in a mouse model of maternal obesity using diet or administration of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide. Methods: Pre-pregnancy weight loss in C57BL/6 high-fat diet (HFD)-fed dams was induced in the pre-pregnancy period by switching diet from HFD to chow diet or administering liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 4 weeks) whilst continuing HFD. In addition, a group of HFD-fed dams were switched to chow diet post-conception. The metabolomic profile and gene expression within the placenta was compared at day 18–20 of gestation. Results: 1H NMR spectroscopy metabolomic analysis of placenta of HFD mice showed an altered amino acid metabolomic profile, with lower aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine levels compared to the placenta of chow-fed mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, gene expression analysis identified both oxidative stress and inflammation in the placentas of HFD-fed dams. Whilst dietary modification alone was sufficient to reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, liraglutide treatment modulated pathological changes, including placental metabolic stress but not inflammation. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of dietary or pharmacological interventions in the pre- or immediate post-conception period, with pre-conception offering a critical window to reduce aberrant placental changes induced by obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Mechanisms in Pregnancy and Foetal Development)
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Review

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27 pages, 1126 KB  
Review
Cervical Glycosaminoglycans and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: New Insights and the Therapeutic Promise of Tafoxiparin
by Wojciech Flis, Mateusz Wartęga, Julia Sowińska and Maciej W. Socha
Cells 2025, 14(24), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14241934 - 5 Dec 2025
Viewed by 713
Abstract
Cervical ripening is a multifaceted process involving endocrine, inflammatory, and biomechanical signals that act on the cervical extracellular matrix. While previous reviews have focused on hormonal and immune mechanisms, the specific role of cervical glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)—particularly hyaluronan and heparan sulfate—has received limited dedicated [...] Read more.
Cervical ripening is a multifaceted process involving endocrine, inflammatory, and biomechanical signals that act on the cervical extracellular matrix. While previous reviews have focused on hormonal and immune mechanisms, the specific role of cervical glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)—particularly hyaluronan and heparan sulfate—has received limited dedicated attention. This review addresses that gap by exploring how these GAGs function as integrators of hormonal cues, immune activation, and extracellular matrix remodeling during pregnancy and labour. We conducted a narrative synthesis of experimental, translational, and clinical studies on GAG composition, metabolism, and signaling, with particular attention to tafoxiparin, a heparan-sulfate-based compound with minimal anticoagulant activity. Available evidence suggests that alterations in hyaluronan and heparan sulfate content influence collagen disorganization, tissue hydration, immune cell infiltration, and prostaglandin production—collectively contributing to cervical softening and dilatation. Although tafoxiparin may replicate some actions of endogenous GAGs, current clinical data remain sparse and inconclusive. Thus, targeting cervical GAG biology represents a mechanistic yet still investigational strategy, requiring further studies to determine its therapeutic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Mechanisms in Pregnancy and Foetal Development)
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19 pages, 1706 KB  
Review
Maternal Thymus Adaptations and Hormone Regulation During Pregnancy
by Ling Yang, Xinxin Wang and Leying Zhang
Cells 2025, 14(19), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14191534 - 30 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
The thymus is necessary for the development of T lymphocytes and central tolerance, and adaptations in the maternal thymus are required during pregnancy. In the present paper, maternal thymic cellular anatomy, T-cell development in the thymus, and related progress are reviewed. In addition, [...] Read more.
The thymus is necessary for the development of T lymphocytes and central tolerance, and adaptations in the maternal thymus are required during pregnancy. In the present paper, maternal thymic cellular anatomy, T-cell development in the thymus, and related progress are reviewed. In addition, the recent progress in maternal thymic adaptations during pregnancy is discussed, including adaptations in thymic cellular anatomy, T-cell development, and immune-related cytokines. Finally, the latest information about hormones that regulate thymic immunology during pregnancy is summarized. In summary, there are many factors, including a lot of hormones, which are involved in maternal thymic immunological adaptations during pregnancy, and may be used to prevent pregnancy-related thymic diseases and preterm birth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Mechanisms in Pregnancy and Foetal Development)
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