Cellular and Molecular Events in Intervertebral Disc Development, Homeostasis and Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 420

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute for Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Clinic, Ulm, Germany
Interests: intervertebral disc; pathomechanisms of degeneration and regeneration; immune response; tissue engineering; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The healthy intervertebral disc (IVD) is an aneural, avascular, and immune-privileged fibrocartilaginous structure. It presents regionally distinct phenotypes with a unique microenvironment and cellular composition. Despite a characteristically poor cell density, each cell type is crucial for maintaining the specific extracellular microenvironment and plays a vital role in ensuring the functional and structural integrity of the IVD. However, the cellular and molecular characteristics of the IVD are critically influenced by various factors such as age, genetic, metabolic, and mechanical factors, which can significantly affect IVD development, homeostasis, and disease. 

This Special Issue is dedicated to interesting and innovative research on “Cellular and Molecular Events in Intervertebral Disc Development, Homeostasis, and Disease”. Further, it includes novel approaches in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies for IVD tissue repair/regeneration. In this Special Issue, we welcome original research including basic and translational research and reviews, but not clinical trials or case reports, covering subjects related, but not limited, to the following:

  • Aging;
  • Biomarkers of IVD disease;
  • Cell signaling;
  • Crosstalk;
  • Extracellular matrix metabolism;
  • Fibrosis;
  • Immune response;
  • In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models;
  • Inflammation mediators; 
  • IVD repair/regeneration;
  • Microbiome;
  • Omics; 
  • Pathobiology of discogenic pain; 
  • Stem cells;
  • Trauma. 

Dr. Graciosa Teixeira
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • disc development
  • healthy intervertebral disc
  • IVD

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 4969 KiB  
Article
The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Cartilage Endplate Cells: A Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 in Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Catabolic Gene Expression
by Tamara Mengis, Laura Bernhard, Andrea Nüesch, Irina Heggli, Nick Herger, Jan Devan, Roy Marcus, Christoph J. Laux, Florian Brunner, Mazda Farshad, Oliver Distler, Christine L. Le Maitre and Stefan Dudli
Cells 2024, 13(17), 1402; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13171402 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Introduction: The vertebral cartilage endplate (CEP), crucial for intervertebral disc health, is prone to degeneration linked to chronic low back pain, disc degeneration, and Modic changes (MC). While it is known that disc cells express toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize pathogen- and damage-associated [...] Read more.
Introduction: The vertebral cartilage endplate (CEP), crucial for intervertebral disc health, is prone to degeneration linked to chronic low back pain, disc degeneration, and Modic changes (MC). While it is known that disc cells express toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs), it is unclear if CEP cells (CEPCs) share this trait. The CEP has a higher cell density than the disc, making CEPCs an important contributor. This study aimed to identify TLRs on CEPCs and their role in pro-inflammatory and catabolic gene expression. Methods: Gene expression of TLR1–10 was measured in human CEPs and expanded CEPCs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, surface TLR expression was measured in CEPs grouped into non-MC and MC. CEPCs were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, small-molecule TLR agonists, or the 30 kDa N-terminal fibronectin fragment. TLR2 signaling was inhibited with TL2-C29, and TLR2 protein expression was measured with flow cytometry. Results: Ex vivo analysis found all 10 TLRs expressed, while cultured CEPCs lost TLR8 and TLR9 expression. TLR2 expression was significantly increased in MC1 CEPCs, and its expression increased significantly after pro-inflammatory stimulation. Stimulation of the TLR2/6 heterodimer upregulated TLR2 protein expression. The TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 ligands upregulated pro-inflammatory genes and matrix metalloproteases (MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13), and TLR2 inhibition inhibited their upregulation. Endplate resorptive capacity of TLR2 activation was confirmed in a CEP explant model. Conclusion: The expression of TLR1–10 in CEPCs suggests that the CEP is susceptible to PAMP and DAMP stimulation. Enhanced TLR2 expression in MC1, and generally in CEPCs under inflammatory conditions, has pro-inflammatory and pro-catabolic effects, suggesting a potential role in disc degeneration and MC. Full article
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