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Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in...
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Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in Fundamental Science, Applied Aquaculture and Cell-Based Meat Production

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 9730

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iban Seiliez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Molecular and Cell Biology, Universite de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
Interests: autophagy; chaperone-mediated autophagy; CMA; LAMP2A; lysosome; metabolism; fish; zebrafish; medaka; trout; cell; evolution; adaptation
Dr. Esmail Lutfi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), Ås, Norway
Interests: fish nutrition; lipid metabolism; adipose tissue; obesity; cell research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Emilio J. Vélez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
Interests: autophagy; endocrinology; fish nutrition; cell cultures; growth
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marta Bou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), Ås, Norway
Interests: fish nutrition; lipid metabolism; bioenergetics; adipogenesis; cell culture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to launch this Special Issue dedicated to highlighting recent advances and developments in fish cell research. 

Cell cultures are a valuable tool to study the regulation of many physiological processes in a controlled environment, including metabolic pathways, immunity, and molecular responses to stress, and have proven helpful to answer basic scientific and translation research questions. In addition, they can also be used to screen nutrients, feed additives, bioactive compounds, or even vaccines, providing basic insights into important nutritional and physiological aspects that can be directly transferred to improve fish farming practices. Although the number of established fish cell lines remains limited, in vitro techniques such as isolation of embryonic stem cells (ES), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), 3D cultures, or co-culture systems have gained interest in the past few years in fish research. These systems show great potential for a future where a significant share of the food proteins will come from cell-based production, often referred to as cultivated meat. 

This Special Issue will highlight the novel approaches, challenges, and emerging frontiers of advanced fish cell culture models that can contribute to not only improve our knowledge in fish biology but also to the progress of research and production practices in aquaculture. Researchers are encouraged to submit original articles, reviews, commentaries, short reports, or protocols in this exciting field of research, concerning fish immunology, metabolism, nutrition, cellular stress, and disease resistance, as well as novel contributions to cell-based seafood production.

Dr. Iban Seiliez
Dr. Esmail Lutfi
Dr. Emilio J. Vélez
Dr. Marta Bou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish metabolism
  • fish cell cultures
  • cellular aquaculture
  • in vitro research

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 17227 KiB  
Article
Effects of Temperature Adaptation on the Metabolism and Physiological Properties of Sturgeon Fish Larvae Cell Line
by Philipp Lutze, Julia Brenmoehl, Stephanie Tesenvitz, Daniela Ohde, Heike Wanka, Zianka Meyer and Bianka Grunow
Cells 2024, 13(3), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13030269 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1173
Abstract
This study investigated how Atlantic sturgeon cells respond to elevated temperatures, shedding light on the potential impacts of climate change on fish. Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), an IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List species and evolutionarily related to [...] Read more.
This study investigated how Atlantic sturgeon cells respond to elevated temperatures, shedding light on the potential impacts of climate change on fish. Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), an IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List species and evolutionarily related to paleonisiform species, may have considerable physiological adaptability, suggesting that this species may be able to cope with changing climatic conditions and higher temperatures. To test this hypothesis, the AOXlar7y cell line was examined at 20 °C (control) and at elevated temperatures of 25 °C and 28 °C. Parameters including proliferation, vitality, morphology, and gene expressions related to proliferation, stemness, and stress were evaluated. Additionally, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of cellular changes, mitochondrial and metabolic activities were assessed using Seahorse XF96. AOXlar7y cells adapted to 28 °C exhibited enhanced mitochondrial adaptability, plasticity, heightened cell proliferation, and increased hsp70 expression. Increased baseline respiration indicated elevated ATP demand, which is potentially linked to higher cell proliferation and heat stress defense. Cells at 28 °C also displayed elevated reserve respiration capacity, suggesting adaptation to energy demands. At 25 °C, AOXlar7y cells showed no changes in basal respiration or mitochondrial capacity, suggesting unchanged ATP demand compared to cells cultivated at 20 °C. Proliferation and glycolytic response to energy requirements were diminished, implying a connection between glycolysis inhibition and proliferation suppression. These research results indicate sturgeon cells are capable of withstanding and adapting to an 8 °C temperature increase. This cellular analysis lays a foundation for future studies aimed at a deeper understanding of fish cell physiological adaptations, which will contribute to a better knowledge of environmental threats facing Atlantic sturgeon and fish populations amid climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in Fundamental Science, Applied Aquaculture and Cell-Based Meat Production)
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15 pages, 1970 KiB  
Article
The Role of Glutathione and Sulfhydryl Groups in Cadmium Uptake by Cultures of the Rainbow Trout RTG-2 Cell Line
by Anke Lange and Helmut Segner
Cells 2023, 12(23), 2720; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232720 - 27 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1152
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cellular sulfhydryl and glutathione (GSH) status in cellular cadmium (Cd) accumulation using cultures of the rainbow trout cell line RTG-2. In a first set of experiments, the time course of Cd accumulation [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cellular sulfhydryl and glutathione (GSH) status in cellular cadmium (Cd) accumulation using cultures of the rainbow trout cell line RTG-2. In a first set of experiments, the time course of Cd accumulation in RTG-2 cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic CdCl2 concentration (25 μM) was determined, as were the associated changes in the cellular sulfhydryl status. The cellular levels of total GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and cysteine were determined with fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the intracellular Cd concentrations were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Cd uptake during the first 24 h of exposure was linear before it approached a plateau at 48 h. The metal accumulation did not cause an alteration in cellular GSH, GSSG, or cysteine levels. In a second set of experiments, we examined whether the cellular sulfhydryl status modulates Cd accumulation. To this end, the following approaches were used: (a) untreated RTG-2 cells as controls, and (b) RTG-2 cells that were either depleted of GSH through pre-exposure to 1 mM L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, or the cellular sulfhydryl groups were blocked through treatment with 2.5 μM N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Compared to the control cells, the cells depleted of intracellular GSH showed a 25% reduction in Cd accumulation. Likewise, the Cd accumulation was reduced by 25% in the RTG-2 cells with blocked sulfhydryl groups. However, the 25% decrease in cellular Cd accumulation in the sulfhydryl-manipulated cells was statistically not significantly different from the Cd accumulation in the control cells. The findings of this study suggest that the intracellular sulfhydryl and GSH status, in contrast to their importance for Cd toxicodynamics, is of limited importance for the toxicokinetics of Cd in fish cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in Fundamental Science, Applied Aquaculture and Cell-Based Meat Production)
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26 pages, 22073 KiB  
Article
Distinct Organotypic Platforms Modulate Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Cell Differentiation In Vitro
by Nicole Verdile, Federica Camin, Radmila Pavlovic, Rolando Pasquariello, Milda Stuknytė, Ivano De Noni, Tiziana A. L. Brevini and Fulvio Gandolfi
Cells 2023, 12(14), 1843; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141843 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
In vitro organotypic cell-based intestinal platforms, able to faithfully recapitulate the complex functions of the organ in vivo, would be a great support to search for more sustainable feed ingredients in aquaculture. We previously demonstrated that proliferation or differentiation of rainbow trout intestinal [...] Read more.
In vitro organotypic cell-based intestinal platforms, able to faithfully recapitulate the complex functions of the organ in vivo, would be a great support to search for more sustainable feed ingredients in aquaculture. We previously demonstrated that proliferation or differentiation of rainbow trout intestinal cell lines is dictated by the culture environment. The aim of the present work was to develop a culture platform that can efficiently promote cell differentiation into mature enterocytes. We compared four options, seeding the RTpiMI cell line derived from the proximal intestine on (1) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) culture inserts ThinCert™ (TC), (2) TC coated with the solubilized basement membrane matrix Matrigel® (MM), (3) TC with the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTskin01 embedded within the Matrigel® matrix (MMfb), or (4) the highly porous polystyrene scaffold Alvetex® populated with the abovementioned fibroblast cell line (AV). We evaluated the presence of columnar cells with a clear polarization of brush border enzymes, the formation of an efficient barrier with a significant increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and its ability to prevent the paracellular flux of large molecules but allow the transit of small compounds (proline and glucose) from the apical to the basolateral compartment. All parameters improved moving from the simplest (TC) through the more complex platforms. The presence of fibroblasts was particularly effective in enhancing epithelial cell differentiation within the AV platform recreating more closely the complexity of the intestinal mucosa, including the presence of extracellular vesicles between fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in Fundamental Science, Applied Aquaculture and Cell-Based Meat Production)
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19 pages, 3651 KiB  
Article
Improved Media Formulations for Primary Cell Cultures Derived from a Colonial Urochordate
by Andy Qarri, Dietmar Kültz, Alison M. Gardell, Baruch Rinkevich and Yuval Rinkevich
Cells 2023, 12(13), 1709; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12131709 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
The cultivation of marine invertebrate cells in vitro has garnered significant attention due to the availability of diverse cell types and cellular potentialities in comparison to vertebrates and particularly in response to the demand for a multitude of applications. While cells in the [...] Read more.
The cultivation of marine invertebrate cells in vitro has garnered significant attention due to the availability of diverse cell types and cellular potentialities in comparison to vertebrates and particularly in response to the demand for a multitude of applications. While cells in the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri have a very high potential for omnipotent differentiation, no proliferating cell line has been established in Botryllus, with results indicating that cell divisions cease 24–72 h post initiation. This research assessed how various Botryllus blood cell types respond to in vitro conditions by utilizing five different refinements of cell culture media (TGM1–TGM5). During the initial week of culture, there was a noticeable medium-dependent increase in the proliferation and viability of distinct blood cell types. Within less than one month from initiation, we developed medium-specific primary cultures, a discovery that supports larger efforts to develop cell type-specific cultures. Specific cell types were easily distinguished and classified based on their natural fluorescence properties using confocal microscopy. These results are in agreement with recent advances in marine invertebrate cell cultures, demonstrating the significance of optimized nutrient media for cell culture development and for cell selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in Fundamental Science, Applied Aquaculture and Cell-Based Meat Production)
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18 pages, 40741 KiB  
Article
Establishment of an In Vitro Model to Study Viral Infections of the Fish Intestinal Epithelium
by Guro Løkka, Amr A. A. Gamil, Øystein Evensen and Trond M. Kortner
Cells 2023, 12(11), 1531; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12111531 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2605
Abstract
Viral infections are still a major concern for the aquaculture industry. For salmonid fish, even though breeding strategies and vaccine development have reduced disease outbreaks, viral diseases remain among the main challenges having a negative impact on the welfare of fish and causing [...] Read more.
Viral infections are still a major concern for the aquaculture industry. For salmonid fish, even though breeding strategies and vaccine development have reduced disease outbreaks, viral diseases remain among the main challenges having a negative impact on the welfare of fish and causing massive economic losses for the industry. The main entry port for viruses into the fish is through mucosal surfaces including that of the gastrointestinal tract. The contradictory functions of this surface, both creating a barrier towards the external environment and at the same time being responsible for the uptake of nutrients and ion/water regulation make it particularly vulnerable. The connection between dietary components and viral infections in fish has been poorly investigated and until now, a fish intestinal in vitro model to investigate virus–host interactions has been lacking. Here, we established the permissiveness of the rainbow trout intestinal cell line RTgutGC towards the important salmonid viruses—infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), salmonid alphavirus (subtype 3, SAV3) and infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV)—and explored the infection mechanisms of the three different viruses in these cells at different virus to cell ratios. Cytopathic effect (CPE), virus replication in the RTgutGC cells, antiviral cell responses and viral effects on the barrier permeability of polarized cells were investigated. We found that all virus species infected and replicated in RTgutGC cells, although with different replication kinetics and ability to induce CPE and host responses. The onset and progression of CPE was more rapid at high multiplicity of infection (MOI) for IPNV and SAV3 while the opposite was true of ISAV. A positive correlation between the MOI used and the induction of antiviral responses was observed for IPNV while a negative correlation was detected for SAV3. Viral infections compromised barrier integrity at early time points prior to observations of CPE microscopically. Further, the replication of IPNV and ISAV had a more pronounced effect on barrier function than SAV3. The in vitro infection model established herein can thus provide a novel tool to generate knowledge about the infection pathways and mechanisms used to surpass the intestinal epithelium in salmonid fish, and to study how a virus can potentially compromise gut epithelial barrier functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fish Cell Research: Insights and Outcomes in Fundamental Science, Applied Aquaculture and Cell-Based Meat Production)
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