Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Regeneration: New Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics—Second Edition

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2024 | Viewed by 738

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Advanced Medicine for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
Interests: spine; intervertebral disc; biomaterial; stem cell; gene therapy; information technology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing incidence of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration with age and its correlation with lower-back pain, IVD herniation, and spinal canal stenosis are remarkable trends in contemporary society. Although surgical treatments, such as discectomy and spinal fusion, are effective strategies, several complications have been reported, including reherniation and adjacent segment disease. These treatments do not focus on the etiology of IVD degeneration, which is poorly understood. Therefore, a novel and fundamental approach to treating IVD degeneration is highly anticipated. 

Dysfunction is caused by degeneration of the IVDs as a result of several factors, including injury, aging, apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus, and mechanical overload, leading to diminished organization and repair of the extracellular matrix. 

Biological methods of IVD repair have gained interest as alternative options for restoring degenerated IVDs using growth factor proteins to stimulate cell activity and increase extracellular matrix synthesis. Alternatively, to overcome the rapid biological clearance, some studies have demonstrated gene transfer into nucleus pulposus cells, which provides the continuous synthesis of therapeutic proteins. In addition, the injection of hydrogels or stem cells has been attempted in basic and translational research. 

This Special Issue aims to summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of the degeneration and regeneration of IVDs for new treatment strategies. 

We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Hideki Sudo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • spine
  • intervertebral disc
  • biomaterial
  • stem cell
  • gene therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2610 KiB  
Article
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Combined with Ultra-Purified Alginate Bioresorbable Gel Enhances Intervertebral Disc Repair in a Canine Model: A Preclinical Proof-of-Concept Study
by Daisuke Ukeba, Yoko Ishikawa, Katsuhisa Yamada, Takashi Ohnishi, Hiroyuki Tachi, Khin Khin Tha, Norimasa Iwasaki and Hideki Sudo
Cells 2024, 13(11), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13110987 - 5 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Although discectomy is commonly performed for lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, the capacity for tissue repair after surgery is limited, resulting in residual lower back pain, recurrence of IVD herniation, and progression of IVD degeneration. Cell-based therapies, as one-step procedures, are desirable for [...] Read more.
Although discectomy is commonly performed for lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, the capacity for tissue repair after surgery is limited, resulting in residual lower back pain, recurrence of IVD herniation, and progression of IVD degeneration. Cell-based therapies, as one-step procedures, are desirable for enhancing IVD repair. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of newly developed ultra-purified alginate (UPAL) gel and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) implantation for IVD repair after discectomy. Prior to an in vivo study, the cell concentration abilities of three commercially available preparation kits for creating the BMAC were compared by measuring the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvested from the bone marrow of rabbits. Subsequently, canine-derived BMAC was tested in a canine model using a kit which had the highest concentration rate. At 24 weeks after implantation, we evaluated the changes in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals as well as histological degeneration grade and immunohistochemical analysis results for type II and type I collagen-positive cells in the treated IVDs. In all quantitative evaluations, such as MRI and histological and immunohistochemical analyses of IVD degeneration, BMAC-UPAL implantation significantly suppressed the progression of IVD degeneration compared to discectomy and UPAL alone. This preclinical proof-of-concept study demonstrated the potential efficacy of BMAC-UPAL gel as a therapeutic strategy for implementation after discectomy, which was superior to UPAL and discectomy alone in terms of tissue repair and regenerative potential. Full article
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