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Cells
Special Issues
Sex Differences in Health and Disease: Mechanisms and Outcomes
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Sex Differences in Health and Disease: Mechanisms and Outcomes

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Reproductive Cells and Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 9164

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Aditi Bhargava

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ob/Gyn and the Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE1645, Box 0556, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
Interests: sex differences; stress; CRF; GPCRs; HPA axis; cell signaling and receptor crosstalk; metabolic disease; mental health; systems biology; neuroendocrinology; neurodegenerative diseases; gut–brain axis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of sex as a biological variable has become increasingly apparent. In research design and data interpretation, the consideration of sex as a variable or confound is critical for validity and generalizability of research findings. All sex differences in expression and signaling cannot be explained by sex hormones alone. Often, the same disease has sex-specific outcomes, but the cellular, molecular, and physiological basis for these differences are poorly understood. Understanding and defining sex-specific signaling pathways that operate at baseline and in diseased states are key to designing effective therapeutics.

This Special Issue aims to summarize the current knowledge on known differences in signaling and behavior between the sexes.

We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Aditi Bhargava
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2409 KiB  
Article
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Administration Sex-Specifically Affects Blood Insulin Levels and Liver Steatosis in Obese Ay Mice
by Elena Makarova, Antonina Kazantseva, Anastasia Dubinina, Elena Denisova, Tatiana Jakovleva, Natalia Balybina, Nataliya Bgatova, Konstantin Baranov and Nadezhda Bazhan
Cells 2021, 10(12), 3440; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10123440 - 7 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3609
Abstract
FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the Ay mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to [...] Read more.
FGF21 is a promising candidate for treating obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD; however, some of its pharmacological effects are sex-specific in mice with the Ay mutation that evokes melanocortin receptor 4 blockade, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. This suggests that the ability of FGF21 to correct melanocortin obesity may depend on sex. This study compares FGF21 action on food intake, locomotor activity, gene expression, metabolic characteristics, and liver state in obese Ay males and females. Ay mice were administered FGF21 for seven days, and metabolic parameters and gene expression in different tissues were assessed. Placebo-treated females were more obese than males and had lower levels of blood insulin and liver triglycerides, and higher expression of genes for insulin signaling in the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscles, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver. FGF21 administration did not affect body weight, and increased food intake, locomotor activity, expression of Fgf21 and Ucp1 in brown fat and genes related to lipolysis and insulin action in WAT regardless of sex; however, it decreased hyperinsulinemia and hepatic lipid accumulation and increased muscle expression of Cpt1 and Irs1 only in males. Thus, FGF21’s beneficial effects on metabolic disorders associated with melanocortin obesity are more pronounced in males. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex Differences in Health and Disease: Mechanisms and Outcomes)
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Review

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12 pages, 610 KiB  
Review
Neuron-Glia-Immune Triad and Cortico-Limbic System in Pathology of Pain
by Isabella Murray, Gayatri Bhanot and Aditi Bhargava
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061553 - 19 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5047
Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant sensation that alerts one to the presence of obnoxious stimuli or sensations. These stimuli are transferred by sensory neurons to the dorsal root ganglia-spinal cord and finally to the brain. Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, astrocytes in [...] Read more.
Pain is an unpleasant sensation that alerts one to the presence of obnoxious stimuli or sensations. These stimuli are transferred by sensory neurons to the dorsal root ganglia-spinal cord and finally to the brain. Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, astrocytes in the brain, dorsal root ganglia, and immune cells all contribute to the development, maintenance, and resolution of pain. Both innate and adaptive immune responses modulate pain perception and behavior. Neutrophils, microglial, and T cell activation, essential components of the innate and adaptive immune responses, can play both excitatory and inhibitory roles and are involved in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Immune responses may also exacerbate pain perception by modulating the function of the cortical-limbic brain regions involved in behavioral and emotional responses. The link between an emotional state and pain perception is larger than what is widely acknowledged. In positive psychological states, perception of pain along with other somatic symptoms decreases, whereas in negative psychological states, these symptoms may worsen. Sex differences in mechanisms of pain perception are not well studied. In this review, we highlight what is known, controversies, and the gaps in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sex Differences in Health and Disease: Mechanisms and Outcomes)
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