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Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes, 2nd Edition

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A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 7852

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kai Xu

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Guest Editor

School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: low-dimensional materials; gas sensing; optoelectronic devices; micro–nano fabrications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Zhong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Interests: nanomaterials; 2D materials and heterostructures; functional materials; gas sensor; microwave absorption
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global warming and climate change have become serious environmental threats in the last decade. Air pollution due to rapid modernization and urbanization is the major cause of environmental deterioration. The emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), for instance, can be directly linked to the evolution of acid rain. Greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and NOx, are the main driver of global warming. Thus, the continuous monitoring and control of such pollutants are imperative to prevent environmental disasters.

This has prompted efforts to find new and user-friendly techniques for the monitoring of gases hazardous to the environment and human health, which has led to the development of key technologies for their rapid, selective, sensitive, and efficient detection as well as that of chemical vapors and explosives. Given the boom of the Internet of Things (IoT), the next generation of gas sensors is expected to be massively deployed into dense network systems with low cost, low power consumption, and long-term stability. In addition, to achieve continuous monitoring, gas sensors may also need to demonstrate a high tolerance to environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and pressure.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive collection of the latest advances in gas sensors based on various materials and an outlook on gas sensors in environmental monitoring. We invite you to submit short communications, full research articles, and timely reviews focusing on advanced gas sensing techniques.

Dr. Kai Xu
Dr. Zhong Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

gas sensors
environmental monitoring
nanomaterial
metal oxides
metal sulfides
pollutants
semiconductor

Related Special Issue

Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes in Chemosensors (12 articles)

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 8108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Sensitive Ethanol Sensing Using NiO Hollow Spheres Synthesized via Hydrothermal Method

by Qingting Li, Wen Zeng, Qu Zhou and Zhongchang Wang

Chemosensors 2022, 10(8), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10080341 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1556

Abstract

Excessive ethanol gas is a huge safety hazard, and people will experience extreme discomfort after inhalation, so efficient ethanol sensors are of great importance. This article reports on ethanol gas sensors that use NiO hollow spheres assembled from nanoparticles, nanoneedles, and nanosheets prepared by the hydrothermal method. All of the samples were characterized for performance evaluation. The sensors based on the NiO hollow spheres showed a good response to ethanol, and the hollow spheres assembled from nanosheets (NiO-S) obtained the best ethanol gas-sensing performance. NiO-S provided a larger response value (38.4) at 350 °C to 200 ppm ethanol, and it had good stability and reproducibility. The nanosheet structure and the fluffy surface of NiO-S obtained the largest specific surface area (55.20 m²/g), and this structure was beneficial for the sensor to adsorb more gas molecules in an ethanol atmosphere. In addition, the excellent sensing performance could ascribe to the larger Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺ of NiO-S, which achieved better electronic properties. Furthermore, in terms of commercial production, the template-free preparation of NiO-S eliminated one step, saving time and cost. Therefore, the sensors based on NiO-S will serve as candidates for ethanol sensing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes, 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 6596 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorption Mechanism of SO₂ on Transition Metal (Pd, Pt, Au, Fe, Co and Mo)-Modified InP₃ Monolayer

by Tianyu Hou, Wen Zeng and Qu Zhou

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070279 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1450

Abstract

Using the first-principles theory, this study explored the electronic behavior and adsorption effect of SO₂ on an InP₃ monolayer doped with transition metal atoms (Pd, Pt, Au, Fe, Co and Mo). Through calculation and analysis, the optimum doping sites of TM dopants on the InP₃ monolayer were determined, and the adsorption processes of SO₂ by TM-InP₃ monolayers were simulated. In the adsorption process, all TM-InP₃ monolayers and SO₂ molecules were deformed to some extent. All adsorption was characterized as chemical adsorption, and SO₂ acted as an electron acceptor. Comparing E_ad and Q_t, the order of the SO₂ adsorption effect was Mo-InP₃ > Fe-InP₃ > Co-InP₃ > Pt-InP₃ > Pd-InP₃ > Au-InP₃. Except for the Au atom, the other five TM atoms as dopants all enhanced the adsorption effect of InP₃ monolayers for SO₂. Furthermore, the analysis of DCD and DOS further confirmed the above conclusions. Based on frontier orbital theory analysis, it is revealed that the adsorption of SO₂ reduces the conductivity of TM-InP₃ monolayers to different degrees, and it is concluded that Pd-InP₃, Pt-InP₃, Fe-InP₃ and Mo-InP₃ monolayers have great potential in the application of SO₂ resistive gas sensors. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on TM-InP₃ as a SO₂ sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes, 2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 4995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Gas-Sensitive Material for Monitoring the Status of SF₆ Gas-Insulated Switches: Gese Monolayer

by Guochao Qian, Xiqian Hu, Weigen Chen and Qu Zhou

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070246 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1166

Abstract

Detecting the decomposition components of SF₆ insulating gas is recognized as an effective means to monitor the operating status of the SF₆ insulating switch. In this paper, the adsorption characteristics of a new two-dimensional material GeSe for five SF₆ decomposition gases (SO₂, SOF₂, SO₂F₂, H₂S and HF) are reported by first-principles simulation. Through the analysis of the change of energy band structure, density of states distribution, and gas desorption time, it is found that GeSe has the potential as a gas-sensitive material for the selective detection of SO₂F₂, and the computational work in this paper provides theoretical guidance for the development of new gas-sensitive sensors applied in monitoring SF₆ insulated switches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes, 2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 8078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pd-GaSe and Pd₃-GaSe Monolayers: Two Promising Candidates for Detecting Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil

by Tianyu Hou, Wen Zeng and Qu Zhou

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070236 - 21 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1247

Abstract

In this paper, the adsorption behaviors of three gases (H₂, CO, and C₂H₂) decomposed by the transformer oil on Pd-GaSe and Pd₃-GaSe monolayers were calculated by density functional theory. Compared with Pd single-atom doping, Pd₃ cluster doping changed the original structure and charge distribution to a greater extent, and more obviously improved the conductivity. According to the analysis of adsorption energy, charge transfer and deformation charge density, the results show that the two doped structures have better adsorption performance for the three gas molecules (H₂, CO, and C₂H₂) than the intrinsic GaSe monolayer. Compared with Pd-GaSe, Pd₃-GaSe showed stronger adsorption property for the three gases. Analysis of frontier molecular orbitals and recovery characteristics shows that Pd₃-GaSe can be used as an ideal gas sensitive material for H₂ detection because of its good desorption properties and obvious conductivity changes. Pd-GaSe can be used as a disposable resistive sensor for CO. Pd₃-GaSe is a kind of sensing material suitable for disposable resistance sensors for CO and C₂H₂. These two doped structures have great application potential in gas adsorption and detection, and provide indications for further study on gas sensor detection by means of metal-doped GaSe monolayer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes, 2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 39746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorption Characteristics of Carbon Monoxide on Ag- and Au-Doped HfS₂ Monolayers Based on Density Functional Theory

by Guochao Qian, Weiju Dai, Fangrong Zhou, Hongming Ma, Shan Wang, Jin Hu and Qu Zhou

Chemosensors 2022, 10(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020082 - 15 Feb 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2239

Abstract

A large amount of power equipment works in closed or semi-closed environments for a long time. Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most prevalent discharge gas following a fault in the components. Based on the density functional theory of first principles, the adsorption behavior of CO gas molecules on intrinsic, Ag-doped and Au-doped hafnium disulfide (HfS₂) monolayers was systematically studied at the atomic scale. Firstly, the intrinsic HfS₂ monolayer, Ag-doped HfS₂ (Ag-HfS₂) monolayer and Au-doped HfS₂ (Au-HfS₂) monolayer, with different doping sites, were created. The structural stability, dopant charge transfer, substrate conductivity and energy band structure of different doping sites of the Ag-HfS₂ and Au-HfS₂ monolayer structures were calculated. The most stable doping structure was selected with which to obtain the best performance on the subsequent gas adsorption test. Then, the CO adsorption models of intrinsic HfS₂, Ag-HfS₂ and Au-HfS₂ were constructed and geometrically optimized. The results show that the adsorption energy of the Ag-HfS₂ monolayer for CO gas is −0.815 eV, which has good detection sensitivity and adsorption performance. The adsorption energy of CO on the Au-HfS₂ monolayer is 2.142 eV, the adsorption cannot react spontaneously, and the detection sensitivity is low. The research content of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the design and research of gas sensing materials based on HfS₂, promoting the development and application of HfS₂ in gas sensing and other fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors for Monitoring Environmental Changes, 2nd Edition)

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