Chemistry Proceedings

4 pages, 974 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On Novel Non-Organometallic Aryl Nucleophile in Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation

by Didier Villemin, Arnaud Jullien and Nathalie Bar

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20147 - 4 Mar 2025

Phenylazocarboxylate is described as a novel non-organometallic aryl nucleophile in palladium-catalyzed arylation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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7 pages, 1860 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentane β-Amino Acids from Nitro Sugars

by Ramón J. Estévez, Begoña Pampín, Marcos González and Juan C. Estévez

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20145 - 20 Feb 2025

Abstract

A ne stereocontrolled nitro sugar-mediated synthesis of polyhydroxylated β-amino acids is reported. The key step of this approach is a Michael addition of the lithium salt of tris(phenylthio)methane (a carboxyl synthetic equivalent) to sugar nitro olefins. This is followed by the generation of [...] Read more.

A ne stereocontrolled nitro sugar-mediated synthesis of polyhydroxylated β-amino acids is reported. The key step of this approach is a Michael addition of the lithium salt of tris(phenylthio)methane (a carboxyl synthetic equivalent) to sugar nitro olefins. This is followed by the generation of the amino acid functionality by the transformation of the tris(phenylthio)methyl substituent into the carboxylic acid functionality and the reduction of the nitro group to an amino group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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5 pages, 493 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Isolation and Characterization of Two Coumarin Compounds from the Chloroform Fraction of Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. (Amaryllidaceae)

by Olaiya Akeem Ayodele, Tijani Tawakaltu Omolara, Abdullahi Sakynah Musa and Sule Mohammed Ibrahim

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20184 - 18 Feb 2025

Abstract

In this study, the aerial parts of Scadoxus multiflorus were extracted using methanol through a maceration process. The resulting methanol crude extract was subsequently partitioned with solvents including n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Extensive column chromatography separation of the chloroform fraction, followed [...] Read more.

In this study, the aerial parts of Scadoxus multiflorus were extracted using methanol through a maceration process. The resulting methanol crude extract was subsequently partitioned with solvents including n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Extensive column chromatography separation of the chloroform fraction, followed by isocratic elution of two pooled fractions, led to the isolation of two coumarin derivatives: 2-methyl-2H-chromen-7-ol and 7-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one. These compounds underwent various physicochemical analyses, such as chemical tests, melting point determination, and solubility assessments. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was conducted using UV spectroscopy, FT-IR, and 1D/2D NMR techniques. The final molecular structures were confirmed and named using ChemDraw. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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7 pages, 3141 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Computational Investigation of Potential 5-HT 2C Receptor Inhibitors for Treating Schizophrenia by ADMET Profile Analysis, Molecular Docking, DFT, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation

by Mohammed Raihan Uddin, Mahira Rahman, Mosammad Jannatun Nayem Rafin and Joya Datta Ripa

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20242 - 16 Jan 2025

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia manifests through behavioral abnormalities, suicidal ideation, and neuropsychological deficits. Hence, this study focused on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT 2C) which influenced the modulation of the series of events that lead to schizophrenia. Methodology: Based on the computational study, the potential 5-HT 2C inhibitors [...] Read more.

Background: Schizophrenia manifests through behavioral abnormalities, suicidal ideation, and neuropsychological deficits. Hence, this study focused on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT 2C) which influenced the modulation of the series of events that lead to schizophrenia. Methodology: Based on the computational study, the potential 5-HT 2C inhibitors such as Ephemeranthoquinone from Arundina graminifolia and Actinodaphnine from Litsea polyantha were determined. The candidate ligands were optimized using the Gaussian 16 software package and the DFT 6-31g (d,p) basis set. The interaction between the ligands and proteins was examined with PyRx 0.8. Additionally, pharmacokinetics was assessed using SwissADME, and Protox II for toxicity prediction. The network pharmacology study was examined by using the STRING database and the Cytoscape 3.10.1 tool. Moreover, a 100-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulation analysis using Desmond to ensure the stability of these two compounds was carried out. Result: This computational research observed that ephemeranthoquinone and actinodaphnine are the most selective 5-HT 2C inhibitors due to their docking score, optimization, and molecular dynamics simulation results. Conclusions: These compounds are required to be studied further to develop a useful 5-HT 2C inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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6 pages, 1220 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Formulation of Alginate- and Pectin-Based Beads Encapsulating Trichoderma for Sustainable and Efficient Agriculture

by Atália Inocêncio Ngulela, Zohra Bengharez, Imene Slamani and Selma Mahboubi

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20186 - 14 Jan 2025

Abstract

The formulation of polysaccharide-based beads encapsulating Trichoderma spp. represents an eco-friendly strategy for promoting sustainable and efficient agriculture. Trichoderma, a beneficial fungus, is well known for its ability to enhance plant growth, combat phytopathogens, and improve soil health. Encapsulating Trichoderma spores in a [...] Read more.

The formulation of polysaccharide-based beads encapsulating Trichoderma spp. represents an eco-friendly strategy for promoting sustainable and efficient agriculture. Trichoderma, a beneficial fungus, is well known for its ability to enhance plant growth, combat phytopathogens, and improve soil health. Encapsulating Trichoderma spores in a polysaccharide matrix provides a protective environment that ensures their viability and facilitates their controlled release into the soil. Alginate is a natural polymer found in various species of brown algae and certain bacteria. Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide present naturally in the cell walls of all higher plants. Due to their distinctive characteristics, alginate and pectin are regarded as promising carrier materials for the encapsulation of bioactive agents. In this work, alginate (Alg) beads, pectin (Pec) beads extracted from orange peel, and Alg/Pec composite beads in a 50/50 (w/w) ratio encapsulating Trichoderma S1 (1.83 × 10⁴ conidia/mL) and S2 (1.56 × 10⁸ conidia/mL) were prepared using the ionic gelation method. The moisture content of the prepared beads was evaluated. The size and shape of the beads were determined by analyzing images obtained by an XE3910 optical microscope. The average size of the microcapsules (wet)varied from 1886 ± 6.557 μm to 1942 ± 28.688 μm. All samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The overall results demonstrated the successful encapsulation of Trichoderma spp. and highlighted the effects of the different formulations on the physicochemical properties of the beads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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3 pages, 620 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microwave Activation: Highly Efficient Hydrolysis of Hesperidin and Naringin and Synthesis of Their Aglycone Acetates Under Microwave Irradiation

by Omar Fandougouma, Nawel Cheikh, Didier Villemin and Nathalie Bar

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20187 - 13 Jan 2025

Abstract

Acidic hydrolysis of Hesperidin and Naringin, furnishing their aglycone moieties Hesperetin and Naringenin, respectively, is reported using sulfuric acid and water as a solvent, under microwave irradiation. This new economical procedure provides flavanones in very good yields, ~90% better than that of acid [...] Read more.

Acidic hydrolysis of Hesperidin and Naringin, furnishing their aglycone moieties Hesperetin and Naringenin, respectively, is reported using sulfuric acid and water as a solvent, under microwave irradiation. This new economical procedure provides flavanones in very good yields, ~90% better than that of acid hydrolysis in reflux. Furthermore, we describe for the first time an efficient synthesis of Hesperetin-triacetate and Naringenin-triacetate from the corresponding flavanones, in the presence of 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-pyridine DMAP as a catalyst, under microwave irradiation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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1 pages, 124 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Alessandra Toncelli

Chem. Proc. 2024, 15(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2024015005 - 26 Dec 2024

Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Chemistry Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Crystals)

9 pages, 1921 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microwave Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Selected Aminophosphonates

by Nour El Houda Felkaoui, Abdelkader Hellal, Khadidja Fadli and Yousra Miloudi

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20244 - 23 Dec 2024

Abstract

In the search for new bioactive molecules, a series of new molecules from the phosphonate family were synthesized via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction (phosphonate ester) and the Irani–Moedritzer reaction (phosphonic acids). Their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, including IR and UV-vis. The [...] Read more.

In the search for new bioactive molecules, a series of new molecules from the phosphonate family were synthesized via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction (phosphonate ester) and the Irani–Moedritzer reaction (phosphonic acids). Their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, including IR and UV-vis. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, using the well method. The results also showed that all the products synthesized exhibited good activity with a zone of inhibition: D > 8, except one product against S. aureus bacteria. The three products were tested for their antifungal effects against three pathogenic fungal strains, namely Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium notatum. The results show that the zones of maximum inhibition were observed against P. notatum (35.5 mm). Therefore, the biological tests showed that all the compounds studied exhibited high antibacterial and antifungal activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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3 pages, 807 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: The 27th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry

by Julio A. Seijas

Chem. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-27-00114 - 20 Dec 2024

Abstract

This volume of Chemistry Proceedings assembles the papers presented at the 27th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-27), held online on 15–30 November 2023, through the sciforum [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 27th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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1 pages, 151 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Julio A. Seijas

Chem. Proc. 2023, 14(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-27-00115 - 20 Dec 2024

Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Chemistry Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 27th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

4 pages, 388 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

New 1Z,5Z-Diene Compounds: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetraenoic Macrodiolides

by Ilgiz Islamov and Ilgam Gaisin

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20110 - 13 Dec 2024

Abstract

Macrocyclic compounds, including macrolactones and macrodiolides, play a significant role in the development of supramolecular chemistry, materials science, the perfume industry, and pharmaceuticals. In previous studies conducted by our group over several years, previously undescribed macrocyclic compounds containing pharmacophoric 1Z,5Z- diene fragments in [...] Read more.

Macrocyclic compounds, including macrolactones and macrodiolides, play a significant role in the development of supramolecular chemistry, materials science, the perfume industry, and pharmaceuticals. In previous studies conducted by our group over several years, previously undescribed macrocyclic compounds containing pharmacophoric 1Z,5Z- diene fragments in their structure were synthesized for the first time, which showed high potential in studies on cytotoxicity, apoptosis-inducing activity, effects on the cell cycle, and mitochondria in tumor cell lines (Jurkat, K562, U937). As part of the continuing research on the development of methods for synthesizing new unsaturated macrodiolides and studying their antitumor properties, this work presents, for the first time, the stereoselective synthesis of macrocyclic compounds based on 1,14 -tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienoic acid and α,ω-alka-nZ, (n + 4)Z-dienediols (1,12-dodeca-4Z,8Z-dienediol, 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienediol, 1,16-octadeca-6Z,10Z-dienediol) in good yields. The method for the synthesis of new macrodiolides is based on the previously well-proven reaction of direct intermolecular cyclocondensation of dienedioic acid with diene diols in the presence of 5 mol.% hafnium(IV) triflate. As a result of the experiments, it was shown that the reaction between 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienedioic acid and 1,16-octadeca-6Z,10Z-dienediol in toluene proceeded within 18 h with the highest yield of 76%, with the formation of previously undescribed tetraenoic macrodiolides containing two 1Z,5Z-diene fragments in their structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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9 pages, 3640 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Theoretical Study of Intermolecular Interactions in Benzopyrans Substituted with Polyhaloalkyl Groups

by Lissette A. Haro-Saltos, Pablo M. Bonilla-Valladares and Christian D. Alcívar-León

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20209 - 13 Dec 2024

Abstract

A study of the solid-state intermolecular interactions of twenty-nine benzopyrans substituted with polyhaloalkyl groups was carried out by quantum chemical calculations using the Mercury and WinGX computer programs. Molecular structures were obtained from crystallographic information files (CIF) of the CCDC database. C-H—O, C-H—X, [...] Read more.

A study of the solid-state intermolecular interactions of twenty-nine benzopyrans substituted with polyhaloalkyl groups was carried out by quantum chemical calculations using the Mercury and WinGX computer programs. Molecular structures were obtained from crystallographic information files (CIF) of the CCDC database. C-H—O, C-H—X, C-X—O and C-X—X type contacts, characterized as unconventional hydrogen bonds, were identified and calculated. The criteria used for distances and angles were d(D—A) < R(D) + R(A) + 0.50 and d(H—A) < R(H) + R(A)—0.12°, where D-H—A > 100.0°. D is the donor atom, A is the acceptor atom, R is the Van der Waals radius and d is the interatomic distance. In addition, Etter’s notation was used to describe sets of hydrogen bonds in organic crystals, detailing the intermolecular contacts and periodic arrangements of the crystal packing. It was corroborated that certain positions of halogen atoms and their interactions play an important role in stabilizing the crystal lattice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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5 pages, 763 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Investigating SAR Insights into Royleanones for P-gp Modulation

by Gabrielle Bangay, Vera M. S. Isca, Florencia Z. Brauning, Jelena Dinic, Milica Pesic, Bernardo Brito Palma, Daniel J. V. A. dos Santos, Ana M. Díaz-Lanza, Eduardo Borges de Melo, João Paulo Ataide Martins and Patrícia Rijo

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20158 - 12 Dec 2024

Abstract

Multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a significant challenge in modern pharmacotherapy, greatly diminishing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. A primary mechanism contributing to MDR is the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), also known as MDR1, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, which hampers the success of [...] Read more.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a significant challenge in modern pharmacotherapy, greatly diminishing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. A primary mechanism contributing to MDR is the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), also known as MDR1, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, which hampers the success of cancer treatments. Plants from the Plectranthus genus (Lamiaceae) have been traditionally acknowledged for their diverse therapeutic applications. The principal diterpene from Plectranthus grandidentatus Gürke, 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (Roy), has demonstrated anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines. Previously synthesized ester derivatives of Roy have shown improved binding affinity to P-gp. This study employs previously acquired in vitro data on the P-gp activity of Roy derivatives to develop a ligand-based pharmacophore model, highlighting critical features necessary for P-gp modulation. Utilizing these data, we predict the potential of five novel ester derivatives of Roy to modulate P-gp in vitro against resistant NCI-H460 cells. In silico structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted on 17 previously synthesized royleanone derivatives. A binary classification model was constructed, distinguishing inactive from active compounds, generating 11,016 molecular interaction field (MIF) descriptors from structures optimized at the DFT level. After variable reduction and selection, 12 descriptors were chosen, resulting in a model with two latent variables (LV), using only 34.14% of the encoded information for calibration (LV1: 26.82%; LV2: 7.32%). The activity prediction of new derivatives suggested that four of them have a high likelihood of activity, which will be validated in future in vitro biological assays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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4 pages, 355 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of New 1Z,5Z-Dienoic Macrodiolides with Benzenyl and Naphthyl Moieties

by Ilgam Gaisin and Ilgiz Islamov

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20111 - 12 Dec 2024

Abstract

Macrocycles represent an important class of compounds that are widespread in nature. Of particular interest to researchers are aromatic macrocyclic compounds, which, due to their rigid structure and unique physicochemical properties, can find application in many areas of science, industry and medicine. Previously, [...] Read more.

Macrocycles represent an important class of compounds that are widespread in nature. Of particular interest to researchers are aromatic macrocyclic compounds, which, due to their rigid structure and unique physicochemical properties, can find application in many areas of science, industry and medicine. Previously, we synthesized polyether aromatic macrodiolides, which showed intriguing antitumor properties. In the work, Peyrottes S. and co-authors showed that the introduction of biphenyl or naphthyl rings, as well as triple bonds, into the structure of the compounds they synthesized, not only helps to reduce the molecular flexibility of the molecule, but also increases the bioavailability after oral administration of the corresponding neutral prodrugs. Studies in mice have shown that the presence of two aromatic groups is well tolerated and has resulted in compounds with valuable properties in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, in continuation of our research on the synthesis of biologically active macrodiolides, in the framework of this work, new aromatic macrocycles were synthesized, the structure of which, along with the 1Z,5Z-diene fragment, contains phenyl or naphthyl rings. The target polyester macrodiolides were obtained by Hf-catalyzed intermolecular cyclocondensation of 1,14-tetradeca-5Z,9Z-dienedioic acid with diols synthesized from dihydroxybenzenes and naphthalenediols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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7 pages, 1202 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimizing Germanium-Selective Functionalization on Patterned SiGe Substrates with Thiol-Based Molecules: The Critical Role of Oxygen-Free Conditions

by Alessia Arrigoni, Federico Turco, Benedetta Maria Squeo, Sonia Freddi, Monica Bollani, Tersilla Virgili, Andrea Chiappini, Laura Pasquardini and Mariacecilia Pasini

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20193 - 9 Dec 2024

Cited by 1

Abstract

Germanium offers attractive optical properties despite being an indirect bandgap semiconductor, and new Ge-based devices are being optimized for sensing and photonics applications. In particular, considering the use of Ge as a sensor, improving its selectivity via organic grafting offers new alternatives that [...] Read more.

Germanium offers attractive optical properties despite being an indirect bandgap semiconductor, and new Ge-based devices are being optimized for sensing and photonics applications. In particular, considering the use of Ge as a sensor, improving its selectivity via organic grafting offers new alternatives that are still under investigation. In this work, we focus on the selective functionalization of germanium in SiGe-patterned alloys using a custom thiol-based luminescent molecule, namely 6-[2,7-bis[5-(5-hexyl-2-thienyl)-2-thienyl]-9-(6-sulfanylhexyl)fluoren-9-yl]hexane-1-thiol. The process selectively targets regions with Ge, while leaving Si-rich areas uncovered. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of an oxygen-free environment, as performing the functionalization in an inert atmosphere significantly improves surface coverage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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6 pages, 1114 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of New O- and S-Containing Polyheteroatomic Systems Based on 3-Substituted Pyran-2-Ones with Lawesson’s Reagent

by Dinara Ch. Kurenkova, Ekaterina M. Arzyamova, Olga A. Mazhukina and Alevtina Yu. Yegorova

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20106 - 9 Dec 2024

Abstract

In recent years, Lawesson’s reagent has been explored for the synthesis of both open-chain P,S-containing derivatives and P,S-heterocyclic systems, with potential biological activity. The character of the interaction between arylmethylene-2H-pyran-2-ones and Lawesson’s reagent depends on the structure and position of the substituent in [...] Read more.

In recent years, Lawesson’s reagent has been explored for the synthesis of both open-chain P,S-containing derivatives and P,S-heterocyclic systems, with potential biological activity. The character of the interaction between arylmethylene-2H-pyran-2-ones and Lawesson’s reagent depends on the structure and position of the substituent in the aromatic ring of the substrate and on the polarity of the reaction medium. Three main pathways were shown to be realized for this group of compounds. In the absence of a substituent in the ring, the reaction proceeds as a classical thionation followed by S-heterocyclization. In the presence of the electron-withdrawing group, the enol form of the substrate is stabilized, which promotes the formation of a new pyran ring or a phosphorus-sulfur-organic compound. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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5 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Catalytic Cyclocodimerization of Silicon-Containing 1,2-Dienes with 1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Bicyclo[4.2.1]Nona-2,4-Dienes

by Gulnara N. Kadikova

Chem. Proc. 2024, 16(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-28-20107 - 4 Dec 2024

Abstract

The [6+2] cycloaddition of (2-butyl-2,3-butadienyl)(trimethyl)silane and 2,3-butadienyl(trimethyl)silane to 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene was studied using titanium- and cobalt-containing multicomponent catalytic systems: R₂TiCl₂-R’_nAlCl_3-n (R = acac, PrⁱO, Bu^tO, Cl; R’ = Et, Buⁱ, [...] Read more.

The [6+2] cycloaddition of (2-butyl-2,3-butadienyl)(trimethyl)silane and 2,3-butadienyl(trimethyl)silane to 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene was studied using titanium- and cobalt-containing multicomponent catalytic systems: R₂TiCl₂-R’_nAlCl_3-n (R = acac, PrⁱO, Bu^tO, Cl; R’ = Et, Buⁱ, n = 2, 3) and CoX₂(Y)/Z/ZnI₂ (X = acac, Br, I, Cl, OAc; Y = dppe, dppm, dppp, dppb, Ph₃P, P(OPrⁱ)₃, P(OPh)₃; Z = Zn, Mg, In, Bu₄NBH₄). The work investigated the influence of the nature of the central atom of the catalyst, the ligand environment of the catalyst, the nature of the organoaluminum cocatalyst, the reducing agent, the effect of temperature, as well as the nature of the solvent on the yield and stereoselectivity of the formation of cycloadducts. Catalytic cyclocodimerization occurs with the formation of silicon-containing bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dienes, which are of interest as promising precursor compounds in the synthesis of new drugs. It is known that many bridged carbo- and heterocarbocyclic compounds containing silicon atoms in the structure have diverse biological activities and are valuable drugs. Based on this, the work for the first time carried out a comprehensive study of the antitumor activity of synthesized silicon-containing bicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dienes in vitro using various tumor cell lines (U937, K562, Jurkat, HL60) and normal fibroblasts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 28th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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9 pages, 1219 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Patent Landscape and Applications of Organic Menthol Crystals: An In-Depth Analysis of Emerging Trends and Industrial Applications

by Reda El Boukhari and Ahmed Fatimi

Chem. Proc. 2024, 15(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2024015002 - 28 Nov 2024

Cited by 1

Abstract

Menthol, a cyclic monoterpene alcohol commonly derived from mint essential oils, is widely utilized across the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care industries due to its cooling, analgesic, and aromatic properties. This study presents a comprehensive patent landscape analysis of organic menthol crystals and [...] Read more.

Menthol, a cyclic monoterpene alcohol commonly derived from mint essential oils, is widely utilized across the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care industries due to its cooling, analgesic, and aromatic properties. This study presents a comprehensive patent landscape analysis of organic menthol crystals and their derivatives, with a focus on identifying current trends and emerging applications. Patent data were retrieved from The Lens and Google Patents, and 23,515 relevant patents were analyzed using international patent classification codes. The results revealed significant applications in pharmaceuticals, personal care, and drug delivery systems, with notable innovations in controlled-release formulations, cancer treatments, and pain relief products. Emerging trends include the combination of menthol with other natural compounds, advances in microencapsulation for controlled drug delivery, and its use as flavor enhancement in the tobacco industry. The United States leads in menthol-related patents, followed by China and the European Union. This analysis provides valuable insights into the future of menthol applications, suggesting that its role in therapeutic and cosmetic industries will continue to grow, driven by technological advancements and regulatory factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Crystals)

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6 pages, 668 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Temperature Cycle-Induced Deracemization of Cl-TAK Using Amberlyst A26: A Heterogeneous Catalyst Approach for Efficient and Reusable Racemization

by Jin Maeda, Pascal Cardinael, Gerard Coquerel and Adrian Flood

Chem. Proc. 2024, 15(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2024015004 - 26 Nov 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of employing Amberlyst A26 as a racemizing agent for the temperature cycle-induced deracemization (TCID) of the model compound Cl-TAK (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-one). We assessed Amberlyst A26 for its potential as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, compatible with various solvents and [...] Read more.

This study investigates the feasibility of employing Amberlyst A26 as a racemizing agent for the temperature cycle-induced deracemization (TCID) of the model compound Cl-TAK (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-one). We assessed Amberlyst A26 for its potential as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst, compatible with various solvents and easily separable from the solution. Racemization rates at 20 °C and 25 °C confirmed its suitability, with experiments showing that Cl-TAK undergoes racemization only in the presence of the catalyst. TCID experiments with Amberlyst A26 yielded successful deracemization, achieving an 88% enantiomeric excess from an initial 30%. These findings highlight Amberlyst A26’s viability for industrial-scale TCID applications, emphasizing reusability and cost efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Online Conference on Crystals)

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Chemistry Proceedings

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ECSOC 2024

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IOCC 2024

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ECSOC 2023

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Priochem 2023

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