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Molecular and Real-World Evidence Research of Respiratory Diseases and Infections, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 799

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Communications Engineering, The National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300093, Taiwan
Interests: rhinitis; sinusitis; inflammation; infection; virus; COVID-19: tumor; natural compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the first point of contact for inhaled pollutants, the respiratory system is particularly vulnerable, and if abnormal, signs and symptoms will eventually appear. The respiratory tract is frequently exposed to potentially pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses. Respiratory viral infections are one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death. The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an example. The most representative human respiratory viruses are influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus. Viral clearance and the resolution of infection require a complex response initiated by immune cells. Several factors contribute to the development of a protective immune response against viral infection, including the host microbiota. To combat respiratory disease infections, more basic science and clinical research is urgently needed. Following the first edition of this Special Issue, we aim to broadly understand the pathogenesis, host–virus interaction and immune response in the context of various respiratory diseases that affect human and animal species, as well as viral infections. Furthermore, it aims to provide information regarding the development of new vaccines and antiviral therapies against these respiratory diseases, as well as the evaluation of these in vitro and in different animal models.

Dr. Chingyuan Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • respiratory diseases
  • pathogenesis
  • vaccines
  • therapies
  • COVID-19

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1726 KB  
Article
Rhus coriaria Linn Extract as a Natural Inhibitor of Influenza A Virus Replication In Vitro
by Carla Prezioso, Maria Luisa Savo Sardaro, Flavio Frezza, Dolores Limongi, Salvatore Velotto, Leonardo Lupacchini, Giovanni D’Auria, Marta De Angelis, Lucia Nencioni and Paola Checconi
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020207 - 13 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses remain a major public health threat due to their high mutation rates, antigenic variability, and the emergence of resistance to current antivirals, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic options. Natural compounds rich in polyphenols and flavonoids have attracted increasing attention [...] Read more.
Influenza A viruses remain a major public health threat due to their high mutation rates, antigenic variability, and the emergence of resistance to current antivirals, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic options. Natural compounds rich in polyphenols and flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents. In this study, the activity of Rhus coriaria L. water extract against Influenza A virus in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells was investigated. Cell viability assay identified non-cytotoxic concentrations, up to 0.1 mg/mL, which were used in infection experiments. Viral replication was assessed at multiple levels by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence and tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50). Treatment with R. coriaria extract resulted in a dose-dependent and statistically significant reduction of viral load. The extract decreased mRNA levels of Hemagglutin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA) and Matrix protein 2 (M2). Consistently, western blot analysis showed a decrease in major viral proteins HA, Nucleoprotein (NP), Matrix protein 1 (M1) and Polymerase Acidic protein (PA). Confocal images revealed a marked reduction in HA and PA signals, results that are statistically significant according to quantitative fluorescence evaluation. The convergence of results obtained through independent methodologies at both the transcriptional and protein levels highlight the robustness of the findings. These data provide the experimental evidence that Rhus coriaria interferes with influenza A virus replication in airway epithelial cells and support its further investigation as a promising phytochemical platform for the development of novel anti-influenza strategies. Full article
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