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Crystals
Special Issues
Precision and Ultra-Precision Machining for Ceramics and Composite Materials
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Precision and Ultra-Precision Machining for Ceramics and Composite Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Polycrystalline Ceramics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 3992

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yunguang Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Interests: grinding; surface quality; subsurface damage; grinding wheels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yao Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: grinding; surface quality; subsurface damage; parameter optimization; grinding wheels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Li Ming

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Interests: green and efficient cutting/grinding machining
Dr. Pengfei Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: additive manufacturing; precision machining; hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ceramics and composite materials have been widely used in aerospace, metallurgical equipment, and vehicles, owing to their excellent mechanical properties and stable chemical properties. Additionally, almost any material from those proposed for practical applications must be processed to make it become a component with specific practical application functions. Precision and ultra-precision machining are the most common methods of processing from materials to parts; however, surface damages, including surface burns, fractures and cracks, and rapid tool wear, are easily generated during the machining process, which inevitably affects the service life of the ceramics as well as composite material components and compromises further applications. Investigating the material removal mechanism, revealing the damage evolution involved in precision and ultra-precision machining processes, and optimizing machining process parameters are of great significance to realize the high-precision machining of ceramics and composite materials. This collection aims to summarize frontier research on the processing and surface integrity characterization of ceramics and composite materials machined via precision and ultra-precision machining processes.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following:

  • Advanced grinding process technology;
  • Green and efficient milling;
  • Additive manufacturing;
  • Ultrasonic-vibration-assisted machining;
  • The design of grinding wheels or abrasive tools.

Dr. Yunguang Zhou
Dr. Yao Sun
Dr. Li Ming
Dr. Pengfei Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • grinding
  • tool making
  • ultrasonic-assisted grinding
  • green and efficient milling
  • additive manufacturing
  • hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2740 KiB  
Article
Thermal Conductivity Modeling for Liquid-Phase-Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramics Using Machine Learning Computational Methods
by Sami M. Ibn Shamsah
Crystals 2025, 15(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15020197 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 438
Abstract
Silicon carbide is a covalently bonded engineering material and structural ceramic with excellent mechanical properties, high resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and wear, and tunable thermal conductivity. The exceptional thermal conductivity of silicon carbide ceramic promotes its candidature in many industrial applications, such as [...] Read more.
Silicon carbide is a covalently bonded engineering material and structural ceramic with excellent mechanical properties, high resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and wear, and tunable thermal conductivity. The exceptional thermal conductivity of silicon carbide ceramic promotes its candidature in many industrial applications, such as nuclear fuel capsule materials, substrate materials employed in semiconductor devices, heater plates, and heaters for processing semiconductor and gas seal rings employed in compressor pumps, among others. The synthesis of polycrystalline silicon carbide through the liquid-phase sintering approach results in lower thermal conductivity due to the presence of structural defects associated with grains, lattice impurities, grains’ random orientations, and the presence of secondary phases in polycrystalline silicon carbide ceramic. The conventional experimental method of enhancing thermal conductivity is laborious and expensive. This present work modeled the thermal conductivity of liquid-phase silicon carbide ceramic via intelligent approaches involving genetic algorithm-optimized support vector regression (SVR-GA), an extreme learning machine with a sine activation function (ELMS), and random forest regression (RFR). The descriptors for the models included the nature of sintering additives as well as their weights, sintering conditions, applied pressure, sintering temperature, and time. Using the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) for performance assessment, it was observed that the ELMS outperformed the RFR and SVR-GA models with improvements of 40.50% and 25.76%, respectively, using the MAE metric and improvements of 16.57% and 24.43%, respectively, using the RMSE metric. The developed models were further used to investigate the effect of the weight of sintering additives and sintering time on the thermal conductivity of silicon carbide ceramic. The precision of the developed models facilitated a comprehensive investigation of the effect of sintering factors on thermal conductivity while hidden connections that exist between the factors are uncovered for enhancing application domains for silicon carbide ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision and Ultra-Precision Machining for Ceramics and Composite Materials)
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12 pages, 4057 KiB  
Article
3D Printing of Polymer-Derived Graphene/SiCp/SiC Composite by Direct Ink Writing
by Hongjun Liu, Yajun Li, Run Tang and Yamin Li
Crystals 2025, 15(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010011 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 527
Abstract
The direct ink writing (DIW) process has been successfully used to prepare SiC-based composites from preceramic polymers due to the porous light weight, lower sintering temperature, and tailored design. However, it still presents challenges in improving the mechanical properties of composites and endowing [...] Read more.
The direct ink writing (DIW) process has been successfully used to prepare SiC-based composites from preceramic polymers due to the porous light weight, lower sintering temperature, and tailored design. However, it still presents challenges in improving the mechanical properties of composites and endowing them with multifunctionality. In this study, we present a 3D-printing strategy for preparing a graphene/SiCp/SiC composite using the DIW process. A polycarbosilane (PCS)-based slurry containing graphene/SiCp composite powder was developed and 3D-printed into scaffolds with a lattice structure, which were then pyrolyzed at 1500 °C to obtain a graphene/SiCp/SiC composite. The weight loss, viscosity, and printability of the graphene/SiCp/PCS slurry were evaluated, and it was determined that the slurry after 4 h of magnetic stirring was suitable for the DIW process. When heat-treated at above 800 °C in an N2 atmosphere, PCS was first reacted with SiCxOy, which was further transformed into β-SiC and pyrocarbon. The 3D-printed lattice structure achieved porosity and low density, while the SiCp reduced defects caused by large shrinkage during pyrolysis of PCS. Meanwhile, GNPs provided the composites with better conductivity and lower density. The density was as low as 1.08 g/cm3, the conductivity reached 670 S·m−1, and the compressive strength was 4.3 MPa. Thus, a lightweight and porous SiC-based composite with high conductivity and strength can be prepared. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision and Ultra-Precision Machining for Ceramics and Composite Materials)
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11 pages, 2349 KiB  
Article
Structural and Optical Properties of SrTiO3-Based Ceramics for Energy and Electronics Applications
by Donghoon Kim, Soyeon Gwon, Kyeongsoon Park and Eui-Chan Jeon
Crystals 2024, 14(11), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110942 - 30 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
A series of Sr1−xDyxTi1−yNbyO3−δ (0.05 ≤ x, y ≤ 0.10) samples were fabricated using cold compaction, followed by sintering in a (95% N2 + 5% H2) reducing [...] Read more.
A series of Sr1−xDyxTi1−yNbyO3−δ (0.05 ≤ x, y ≤ 0.10) samples were fabricated using cold compaction, followed by sintering in a (95% N2 + 5% H2) reducing atmosphere. We studied the crystal structure and optical properties of Sr1−xDyxTi1−yNbyO3−δ using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet−visible−near-infrared (UV−VIS−NIR) spectroscopy. The sintered Sr1−xDyxTi1−yNbyO3−δ had a tetragonal structure (I4/mcm space group). In the sintered samples, Ti ions existed as a mixture of Ti3+ and Ti4+, and Nb ions existed as a mixture of Nb4+ and Nb5+. The band-gap energies decreased with increasing Dy/Nb concentrations. The incorporation of Ti and Nb ions, the formation of both Ti3+ and Nb4+ ions, and the reduction in band-gap energies are likely highly effective for increasing the electron concentration and the corresponding electrical conductivity. Sr1−xDyxTi1−yNbyO3−δ with high electrical conductivity is suitable for energy and electronics applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision and Ultra-Precision Machining for Ceramics and Composite Materials)
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23 pages, 27869 KiB  
Article
A Visualized Microstructure Evolution Model Integrating an Analytical Cutting Model with a Cellular Automaton Method during NiTi Smart Alloy Machining
by Jiaqi Wang, Ming Li, Qingguang Li, Xianchao Pan, Zixuan Wang, Jing Jia, Renti Liu, Yunguang Zhou, Lianjie Ma and Tianbiao Yu
Crystals 2024, 14(8), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14080672 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 902
Abstract
In this study, a visualized microstructure evolution model for the primary shear zone during NiTi smart alloy machining was established by integrating an analytical cutting model with a cellular automaton method. Experimental verification was conducted using an invented electromagnet rotation-type quick-stop device. The [...] Read more.
In this study, a visualized microstructure evolution model for the primary shear zone during NiTi smart alloy machining was established by integrating an analytical cutting model with a cellular automaton method. Experimental verification was conducted using an invented electromagnet rotation-type quick-stop device. The flow stress curve during the dynamic recrystallization of the NiTi smart alloy, the influence of relevant parameters on the dynamic recrystallization process, and the distribution of dynamic recrystallization in the primary shear zone were studied via the model. The simulation results showed that strain rate and deformation temperature significantly affect the relevant parameters during the dynamic recrystallization process. Three typical shear planes were selected for a comparison between simulation results and experimental results, with a minimum error of 3.76% and a maximum error of 11.26%, demonstrating that the model accurately simulates the microstructure evolution of the NiTi smart alloy during the cutting process. These results contribute theoretical and experimental insights into understanding the cutting mechanism of the NiTi smart alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision and Ultra-Precision Machining for Ceramics and Composite Materials)
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