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Dentistry Journal
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Photobiomodulation Research and Applications in Dentistry
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Photobiomodulation Research and Applications in Dentistry

A special issue of Dentistry Journal (ISSN 2304-6767). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers in Dentistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 1540

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Del Vecchio

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Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: oral pathology and medicine; clinical dentistry; laser dentistry; photobiomodulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francisco José Gomez Garcia

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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Medecine, University of Murcia, 3008 Murcia, Spain
Interests: oral cancer; periodontal disease; bone density
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luís Monteiro

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
2. UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
3. Pathology Department, INNO Serviços Especializados em Veterinária, Braga, Portugal
Interests: oral medicine; oral cancer; carcinogenesis; premalignant lesions; biomarkers; laser
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging field of research that explores the application of low amounts of light, produced both either lasers or LED, to stimulate cellular processes and promote healing and tissues regeneration. In recent years, PBM has gained increasing interest within medicine and dentistry due to its numerous of applications that can improve patient outcomes in various procedures and conditions.

PBM was demonstrated to influence several cellular processes. Its action can lead to the activation of biochemical pathways, such as cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, inducing an increase in ATP production, and leading to high cellular energy availability and viability. Moreover, PBM can modulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, which play crucial roles in cellular signalling and other vital processes.

Extensive research has been conducted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PBM in dentistry. Studies have shown that PBM can reduce pain and inflammation, enhancing wound healing and promoting tissue regeneration. The approach has shown also promising effects in stimulating the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, including periodontal tissues and bone. Accordingly, its applications are increasing as research progresses.

However, even if PBM holds significant promise in dentistry, there are still challenges and areas that require further investigation, such as in standardizing treatment protocols, understanding optimal dosages, and identifying the most effective wavelengths for the various clinical conditions. Understanding the dose–response relationship and the optimal parameters for each disease will enhance the efficacy of PBM treatments and, in the meanwhile, will lead many practitioners to integrate it into their daily dental practice with beneficial effects for their patients.

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Del Vecchio
Dr. Francisco José Gomez Garcia
Dr. Luís Monteiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Dentistry Journal is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photobiomodulation (PBM)
  • lasers
  • LED
  • cellular viability
  • wound healing
  • tissue regeneration
  • pain reduction
  • inflammation reduction
  • bone regeneration
  • therapeutic protocol
  • dose–response

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1135 KB  
Article
The Role of Five Prognostic Factors in the Eruption of Palatally Impacted Canines Following Diode Laser Disinclusion: A Case Series Study
by Martina Horodynski, Francesca Crocamo, Adriana Assunta De Stefano, Gerardo La Monaca, Nicola Pranno, Gaspare Palaia, Umberto Romeo and Gabriella Galluccio
Dent. J. 2025, 13(9), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13090399 - 31 Aug 2025
Viewed by 478
Abstract
Background: This case series study aims to evaluate the spontaneous eruption of impacted canines following diode laser disinclusion surgery without orthodontic traction, and to analyze the correlation with five prognostic factors: age, sex of the patient, angle α, sector, and height of inclusion [...] Read more.
Background: This case series study aims to evaluate the spontaneous eruption of impacted canines following diode laser disinclusion surgery without orthodontic traction, and to analyze the correlation with five prognostic factors: age, sex of the patient, angle α, sector, and height of inclusion of the canine. Methods: The sample included 15 patients aged 13–30 years and 20 palatally impacted canines. The patients’ records were collected, and prognostic factors were assessed. All patients underwent disinclusion surgery using a diode laser (K-Laser, Eltech, Blue Derma) and post-surgery, canines were monitored with intraoral scans and photos at 1 week, 8 weeks (T1), and 16 weeks (T2). The STL files were superimposed with the open-source software MeshLab (MeshLab 2023.12, Visual Computing Lab, Pisa, Italy), and the eruption values were measured. Through multiple linear regression analysis, the relationships between the five prognostic factors and the total spontaneous eruption value were analyzed. Results: The canines treated in this study responded with an average eruption of 4.70 mm. For the prognostic factors sex (p = 0.94) and angle α (p = 0.12), no statistically significant relationship with eruption was found. The variables age (p < 0.001), sector II (p = 0.02), sector III (p = 0.03), sector IV (p = 0.06), and inclusion height (p < 0.001) had negative linear coefficients. Consequently, as the values of these three prognostic factors increased, a lower eruption of the included element measured in millimeters was obtained. Conclusions: All canines successfully erupted following the disinclusion procedure, avoiding the use of orthodontic traction. Patient sex and the α angle of impaction were not reliable predictors of eruption outcomes. In contrast, age, sector, and inclusion height measured via CBCT showed high statistical significance and could be used as prognostic factors to predict the eruptive response following disinclusion surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photobiomodulation Research and Applications in Dentistry)
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17 pages, 1673 KB  
Article
Absorption, Thermal Relaxation Time, and Beam Penetration Depth of Laser Wavelengths in Ex Vivo Porcine Gingival Tissues
by Mayssaa Ismail, Thibault Michel, Daniel Heysselaer, Saad Houeis, Andre Peremans, Alain Vanheusden and Samir Nammour
Dent. J. 2025, 13(9), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13090397 - 29 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The laser beam absorption and thermal relaxation time (TRT) in oral tissues are key to optimizing treatment parameters. The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate, in an ex vivo study, the percentage of attenuation and transmittance of each wavelength [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The laser beam absorption and thermal relaxation time (TRT) in oral tissues are key to optimizing treatment parameters. The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate, in an ex vivo study, the percentage of attenuation and transmittance of each wavelength as a function of tissue thickness; (2) determine the global absorption coefficient, α, of pig gingival tissue for the most commonly used wavelengths in dentistry; (3) calculate the thermal relaxation time (TRT) of oral tissue for these wavelengths; and (4) determine their corresponding penetration depths. Methods: We measured the transmission of different laser wavelengths through pig oral gingival tissues (Mandibular labial gingiva). We placed each tissue sample between two glass slides with minimal light attenuation. The input and output powers were measured after irradiating the tissue at different specific wavelengths: 450 nm, 480 nm, 532 nm, 632 nm, 810 nm, 940 and 980 nm, 1064 nm, 1341, 2780 nm and 2940 nm. After calculating the transmittance values, we plotted transmittance curves for each wavelength. Using the Beer–Lambert law, we then calculated the absorption coefficient (α) of each wavelength in the oral gingival tissue. Absorption coefficients were then used to calculate the TRT and penetration depth for each wavelength. Results: Among the tested wavelengths, 810 nm exhibited the lowest absorption in ex vivo porcine gingival tissue (α = 9.60 cm−1). The 450 nm blue laser showed moderate absorption (α = 26.8 cm−1), while the Er:YAG laser at 2940 nm demonstrated the highest absorption (α = 144.8 cm−1). We ranked the wavelengths from most absorbed to least absorbed by porcine oral gingival mucosa as follows: 2940 nm > 2780 nm > 450 nm > 480 nm > 532 nm > 1341 nm > 632 nm > 940 nm > 980 nm > 1064 nm > 810 nm. Conclusions: Absorption and the TRT vary significantly across wavelengths. Erbium lasers are characterized by the highest absorption and minimal light penetration. Infrared diodes, particularly the 810 nm wavelength, showed the lowest absorption and deepest tissue penetration and exhibited the highest thermal relaxation time. The 480 nm laser demonstrated greater absorption by porcine gingival tissue compared to the 532 nm laser. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for wavelength selection in dental treatments and photobiomodulation, enabling improved precision, safety, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photobiomodulation Research and Applications in Dentistry)
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