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Electronics
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Wearable Electronics for Noninvasive Sensing
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Wearable Electronics for Noninvasive Sensing

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioelectronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2024) | Viewed by 3704

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. J.-C. Chiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
Interests: sensor; medical application; implant; wearables; wireless power
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Souvik Dubey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Abbott Laboratories, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA
Interests: implantable devices; sensors; wearable electronics; wireless power; wireless telemetry for medical devices; cardiac rhythm management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Wearable technologies have gained significant research and market traction in recent years. Wearables are often empowered with wireless communication, wireless powering, smartphone connectivity, and GPS/WiFi tracing functions. Integration with multi-function physical and biochemical sensors advances wearable applications in healthcare, fitness, therapy, senior and infant care, security, and safety, along with the features of convenience, comfort, and ubiquitousness. The noninvasive sensing of physical and biochemical parameters is essential for practical applications. New research and inventions utilizing electrical, optical, magnetic, acoustic, and thermal sensing modalities have been explored along with considerations for low-power, high-speed and flexible electronics, on-body or in-body antennas, and electromagnetic environments and interference. This Special Issue focuses on state-of-the-art non-invasive sensing technologies, particularly for wearables and their applications.

This Special Issue welcomes research works on electrical, optical, magnetic, acoustic, and thermal sensing modalities, as well as the electronic device and system designs using these modalities for wearable applications. The scope includes, but is not limited to, ECG (electrocardiography), EEG (electroencephalography), EMG (electromyography), skin impedance spectroscopy, photoplethysmography, IR (infrared) and NIR (near infrared), microwave, millimeter-wave, radio-frequency, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence sensing. Manuscripts should include targeted wearable applications and methods about how the proposed sensing mechanisms can be used in wearables. Sensing modality studies that do not include convincing evidence or potential electronic designs for wearable applications are not within the scope of this Special Issue. Manuscripts related to signal and data processing techniques as well as machine learning methods for noninvasive sensing are welcome, but need to include experimental results as validation. Manuscripts with experiments conducted on human bodies should include an approved study protocol statement.

Prof. Dr. J.-C. Chiao
Dr. Souvik Dubey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wearable
  • noninvasive sensing
  • photoplethysmography
  • vital sign
  • oximetry
  • impedance spectroscopy
  • radio-frequency probing
  • permittivity sensing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10503 KiB  
Article
Wearable Loops for Dynamic Monitoring of Joint Flexion: A Machine Learning Approach
by Henry Saltzman, Rahul Rajaram, Yingzhe Zhang, Md Asiful Islam and Asimina Kiourti
Electronics 2024, 13(12), 2245; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122245 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 632
Abstract
We present a machine learning driven system to monitor joint flexion angles during dynamic motion, using a wearable loop-based sensor. Our approach uses wearable loops to collect transmission coefficient data and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with fine-tuned parameters to increase accuracy of [...] Read more.
We present a machine learning driven system to monitor joint flexion angles during dynamic motion, using a wearable loop-based sensor. Our approach uses wearable loops to collect transmission coefficient data and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with fine-tuned parameters to increase accuracy of the measured angles. We train and validate the ANN for sagittal plane flexion of a leg phantom emulating slow motion, walking, brisk walking, and jogging. We fabricate the loops on conductive threads and evaluate the effect of fabric drift via measurements in the absence and presence of fabric. In the absence of fabric, our model produced a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.90°, 6.11°, 5.90°, and 5.44° during slow motion, walking, brisk walking, and jogging. The presence of fabric degraded the RMSE to 8.97°, 7.21°, 9.41°, and 7.79°, respectively. Without the proposed ANN method, errors exceeded 35.07° for all scenarios. Proof-of-concept results on three human subjects further validate this performance. Our approach empowers feasibility of wearable loop sensors for motion capture in dynamic, real-world environments. Increasing speed of motion and the presence of fabric degrade sensor performance due to added noise. Nevertheless, the proposed framework is generalizable and can be expanded upon in the future to improve upon the reported angular resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Electronics for Noninvasive Sensing)
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12 pages, 4477 KiB  
Article
An Unobtrusive, Wireless and Wearable Single-Site Blood Pressure Monitor Based on an Armband Using Electrocardiography (ECG) and Reflectance Photoplethysmography (PPG) Signal Processing
by Angelito A. Silverio, Consuelo G. Suarez, Lean Angelo A. Silverio, Joseph Y. Dino, Justine B. Duran and Giuseppe Edgardo G. Catambing
Electronics 2023, 12(7), 1538; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071538 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2470
Abstract
Wearable medical devices (WMDs) for healthcare applications have become ubiquitous, allowing remote, at-home, and real-time chronic monitoring that have significantly decongested clinics. These WMDs permitted the monitoring of several physiological parameters, such as heart and respiration rates, SPO2, temperature, and energy [...] Read more.
Wearable medical devices (WMDs) for healthcare applications have become ubiquitous, allowing remote, at-home, and real-time chronic monitoring that have significantly decongested clinics. These WMDs permitted the monitoring of several physiological parameters, such as heart and respiration rates, SPO2, temperature, and energy expenditure during activities of daily living (ADLs) or fitness activities. While the measurement of these parameters has become common, full noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real-time blood pressure (BP) monitoring remains elusive owing to BP’s complex dynamics. To bring this into fruition, several works have been conducted combining different biosignals to indirectly extract BP by using PTT. Unlike previous works, we considered PTT variability by averaging it over discrete durations to account for BP variability for a more accurate estimation. PTTs were obtained using electrocardiograph (ECG) and reflective photoplethysmograph (rPPG) signals extracted by a wearable device attached to a single site on the upper arm. Our results show a significant correlation between average PTT and the BP measured using auscultation in a trial study. The developed system has potential for chronic, noninvasive, and cuff-less blood pressure monitors (BPMs) for localized and single-site implementations. Meanwhile, real-time data from the wearable device may be accessed via a remote desktop or a mobile phone application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Electronics for Noninvasive Sensing)
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