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Electronics
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Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions
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Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2025 | Viewed by 12216

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Seung-Hoon Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Interests: wireless communication (5G/6G); internet of things (V2X, Positioning), spectrum engineering, optical wireless communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Oh-Soon Shin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
Interests: communication systems; wireless communications; signal processing for communications; full-duplex radio; massive MIMO; non-orthogonal multiple access; unmanned aerial vehicle communications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Junsu Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics Engineering, Tech University of Korea, Siheung 15073, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Interests: radio resource management for mobile communication systems (5G/6G); intelligent cognitive radio; physical layer security; intelligent reflecting surface

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

6G is expected to be the next major leap in wireless technology, pushing the boundaries of connectivity and enabling innovative applications beyond the capabilities of 5G. In line with these advancements, we are pleased to announce a call for papers for this Special Issue on “Emerging Innovative Technologies in Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions.” This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements, challenges, and potential solutions in the field of telecommunication brought about by emerging innovative technologies. We welcome original research papers and review articles that contribute to the advancement of knowledge surrounding emerging innovative technologies in telecommunication. Submissions should present novel ideas, theoretical insights, practical implementations, or experimental results related to the Special Issue's theme.

Papers submitted to this Special Issue may cover various topics related to emerging innovative technologies in telecommunication, including but not limited to:

  • Novel communication and network architectures for 6G;
  • Integration of emerging technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, or block chain, with telecommunication systems;
  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in telecommunication;
  • Positioning technologies in telecommunication;
  • Security and privacy challenges and solutions in next-generation telecommunication networks;
  • Network optimization and resource management techniques for 6G;
  • Spectrum-efficient technologies in telecommunication;
  • Sustainable and energy-efficient telecommunication technologies.

Prof. Dr. Seung-Hoon Hwang
Prof. Dr. Oh-Soon Shin
Dr. Junsu Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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12 pages, 17575 KiB  
Article
Carrier Phase-Based Underwater Source Localization for Ultrashort Baseline
by Hojun Lee, Bogeun Seo, Kyewon Kim and Haklim Ko
Electronics 2024, 13(20), 4037; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13204037 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a phase-based pseudorange estimation and source localization algorithm to improve the localization performances of ultrashort baseline (USBL) systems. The conventional USBL system estimates pseudorange through cross-correlation of received chirps. However, due to the limited sampling rate, precise pseudorange [...] Read more.
In this paper, we propose a phase-based pseudorange estimation and source localization algorithm to improve the localization performances of ultrashort baseline (USBL) systems. The conventional USBL system estimates pseudorange through cross-correlation of received chirps. However, due to the limited sampling rate, precise pseudorange cannot be estimated, resulting in low localization performance. The proposed method calculates the number of wavelengths between the transducer and receiver and detects the initial phase to estimate the pseudorange more accurately than the conventional method. It also improves localization performance by estimating and compensating for phase variations by underwater channels. The source localization performances of the proposed method and the conventional methods were compared and analyzed through computer simulations and ocean experiments, and the proposed method had better localization performances than the conventional methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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36 pages, 2517 KiB  
Article
Unified Aviation Maintenance Ecosystem on the Basis of 6G Technology
by Igor Kabashkin
Electronics 2024, 13(19), 3824; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193824 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 602
Abstract
The advent of 6G technology will transforms aviation, particularly in the realm of aircraft health monitoring systems (AHMSs). This paper explores the transformative potential of 6G in enhancing real-time data exchange, predictive maintenance, and overall communication efficiency within the aviation sector. By using [...] Read more.
The advent of 6G technology will transforms aviation, particularly in the realm of aircraft health monitoring systems (AHMSs). This paper explores the transformative potential of 6G in enhancing real-time data exchange, predictive maintenance, and overall communication efficiency within the aviation sector. By using ultra-fast data transmission, low latency, and advanced AI integration, 6G enables the development of a unified AHMS architecture that significantly improves aircraft safety, operational efficiency, and reliability. The proposed eight-layer AHMS model, incorporating digital twins, federated learning, and edge computing, showcases how 6G can revolutionize aircraft maintenance by providing continuous, real-time monitoring and decision-making capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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18 pages, 3741 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Speed Control Scheme Based on Congestion Level and Inter-Vehicle Distance
by Jicheng Yin and Seung-Hoon Hwang
Electronics 2024, 13(13), 2678; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132678 - 8 Jul 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) enables short-distance communication between vehicles and other users to improve road safety through data sharing. Conventional research on C-V2X typically assumes that vehicles travel at the same speed with a fixed inter-vehicle distance ( [...] Read more.
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) enables short-distance communication between vehicles and other users to improve road safety through data sharing. Conventional research on C-V2X typically assumes that vehicles travel at the same speed with a fixed inter-vehicle distance (Disinter). However, this assumption does not reflect the real driving environment or promote road traffic efficiency. Conversely, assigning different speeds to vehicles without a structured approach inevitably increases the collision risk. Therefore, determining appropriate speeds for each vehicle in the C-V2X framework is crucial. To this end, considering the road environment and mobility, this study introduces an adaptive speed mechanism based on the congestion level of a zone and Disinter. First, the given scenario is divided into several zones. Subsequently, based on the congestion level of a zone and the Disinter level, an adaptive speed is defined for each vehicle. This approach ensured that vehicles adopt lower speeds in congested situations to reduce the collision probability and higher speeds in sparse traffic cases to improve traffic efficiency. The performance of the proposed adaptive speed scheme is compared with that of conventional fixed-speed settings. The results show that the adaptive speed control scheme outperforms conventional fixed-speed schemes in terms of the packet reception ratio (PRR) and collision ratio (CR). Specifically, the proposed mechanism can reduce the CR to 0 and ensure that the PRR is higher than 0.98 in low-density scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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18 pages, 447 KiB  
Article
Flying Base Station Channel Capacity Limits: Dependent on Stationary Base Station and Independent of Positioning
by Sang-Yoon Chang, Kyungmin Park, Jonghyun Kim and Jinoh Kim
Electronics 2024, 13(12), 2234; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13122234 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Flying base stations, also known as aerial base stations, provide wireless connectivity to the user and utilize their aerial mobility to improve communication performance. Flying base stations depend on traditional stationary terrestrial base stations for connectivity, as stationary base stations act as the [...] Read more.
Flying base stations, also known as aerial base stations, provide wireless connectivity to the user and utilize their aerial mobility to improve communication performance. Flying base stations depend on traditional stationary terrestrial base stations for connectivity, as stationary base stations act as the gateway to the backhaul/cloud via a wired connection. We introduce the flying base station channel capacity to build on the Shannon channel capacity, which quantifies the upper-bound limit of the rate at which information can be reliably transmitted using the communication channel regardless of the modulation and coding techniques used. The flying base station’s channel capacity assumes aerial mobility and ideal positioning for maximum channel capacity. Therefore, the channel capacity limit holds for any digital and signal processing technique used and for any location or positioning of the flying base station. Because of its inherent reliance on the stationary terrestrial base station, the flying base station channel capacity depends on the stationary base station’s parameters, such as its location and SNR performance to the user, in contrast to previous research, which focused on the link between the user and the flying base station without the stationary base station. For example, the beneficial region (where there is a positive flying base station capacity gain) depends on the stationary base station’s power and channel SNR in addition to the flying base station’s own transmission power and whether it has full duplex vs. half-duplex capability. We jointly study the mobility and the wireless communications of the flying base station to analyze its position, channel capacity, and beneficialness over the stationary terrestrial base station (capacity gain). As communication protocols and implementations for flying base stations undergo development for next-generation wireless networking, we focus on information-theoretical analyses and channel capacity to inform future research and development in flying base station networking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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20 pages, 2167 KiB  
Article
A Highly Flexible Passive/Active Discrete-Time Delta-Sigma Receiver
by Minh Tien Nguyen, Chadi Jabbour, Karim Ben Kalaia, Hanh-Phuc Le, Ngoc Nguyen and Van-Tam Nguyen
Electronics 2024, 13(7), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071295 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 886
Abstract
This paper presents a fourth-order discrete-time direct RF-to-digital Delta-Sigma receiver architecture for flexible receivers with a wide frequency range. The use of a current-driven passive mixer with RF feedback enables high-Q bandpass filtering and relaxes the linearity requirement of the RF amplifier. In [...] Read more.
This paper presents a fourth-order discrete-time direct RF-to-digital Delta-Sigma receiver architecture for flexible receivers with a wide frequency range. The use of a current-driven passive mixer with RF feedback enables high-Q bandpass filtering and relaxes the linearity requirement of the RF amplifier. In addition, the reconfigurable passive/active loop filter offers a good compromise between power consumption, linearity, and dynamic range. The other important feature of the proposed architecture is the use of a sampling frequency that is a divisor of the LO frequency. This solves several problems such as the upmixing of quantization noise, the need to reconfigure the Delta-Sigma loop when changing the LO frequency, and the use of two independent clocks for the LO and the sampling frequency. The circuit was implemented using 65 nm CMOS technology. The I/Q Direct Delta-Sigma receiver has an RF bandwidth of 20 MHz and a sampling frequency of 400 MHz. Measurement results show a very high dynamic range of up to 80 dB with a peak SNDR of 46 dB for a power consumption of 46 mW at 800 MHz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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12 pages, 2333 KiB  
Article
On the Performance of Partial LIS for 6G Systems
by Mário Marques da Silva, Ali Gashtasbi, Rui Dinis, Gelson Pembele, Américo Correia and João Guerreiro
Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061035 - 10 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1276
Abstract
One of the key technologies of 6G communications relies on large intelligent surfaces (LIS), which can be viewed as a near-field beamformer that is supportive of extremely high symbol rates and enables a high level of interference avoidance. This article focuses on LIS [...] Read more.
One of the key technologies of 6G communications relies on large intelligent surfaces (LIS), which can be viewed as a near-field beamformer that is supportive of extremely high symbol rates and enables a high level of interference avoidance. This article focuses on LIS systems, analysing the impact of the use of a whole LIS system or a subset of an antenna array. We analyse an LIS system associated with a single carrier with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), and with different receiver types of varying complexities. Because it is a function of the number of antennas, the computational complexity decreases when antenna elements that are closer to the user equipment are used instead of the whole LIS. Moreover, with a partial LIS, a reduction of energy consumption is achieved, and mitigation of the interference levels is obtained, allowing a performance very close to that obtained with the whole LIS system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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19 pages, 6671 KiB  
Article
Exploration- and Exploitation-Driven Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient for Active SLAM in Unknown Indoor Environments
by Shengmin Zhao and Seung-Hoon Hwang
Electronics 2024, 13(5), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050999 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1287
Abstract
This study proposes a solution for Active Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (Active SLAM) of robots in unknown indoor environments using a combination of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) path planning and the Cartographer algorithm. To enhance the convergence speed of the DDPG network [...] Read more.
This study proposes a solution for Active Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (Active SLAM) of robots in unknown indoor environments using a combination of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) path planning and the Cartographer algorithm. To enhance the convergence speed of the DDPG network and minimize collisions with obstacles, we devised a unique reward function that integrates exploration and exploitation strategies. The exploration strategy allows the robot to achieve the shortest running time and movement trajectory, enabling efficient traversal of unmapped environments. Moreover, the exploitation strategy introduces active closed loops to enhance map accuracy. We conducted experiments using the simulation platform Gazebo to validate our proposed model. The experimental results demonstrate that our model surpasses other Active SLAM methods in exploring and mapping unknown environments, achieving significant grid completeness of 98.7%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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14 pages, 7201 KiB  
Article
WhistleGAN for Biomimetic Underwater Acoustic Covert Communication
by Yongcheol Kim, Seunghwan Seol, Hojun Lee, Geunho Park and Jaehak Chung
Electronics 2024, 13(5), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13050964 - 2 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1007
Abstract
This paper proposes a whistle-generative adversarial network (WhistleGAN) that generates whistles for biomimetic underwater covert acoustic communication. The proposed method generates new whistles to maintain covertness by avoiding the repetitive use of the same whistles. Since the human ear perceives octave frequency such [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a whistle-generative adversarial network (WhistleGAN) that generates whistles for biomimetic underwater covert acoustic communication. The proposed method generates new whistles to maintain covertness by avoiding the repetitive use of the same whistles. Since the human ear perceives octave frequency such that low-frequency resolution is relatively larger than that of low frequencies, the proposed WhistleGAN uses mel filter banks to keep the fidelity in mimicking while reducing the complexity. The mean opinion score test verified that the whistles generated by the proposed method and the recorded real whistles have a similar score of 4.3, and the computer simulations proved that the bit error rate performance of the proposed method is the same as that of the real whistle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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14 pages, 1300 KiB  
Article
Hybrid FSO/RF Communications in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks: A Reduced Overhead Link Selection Policy
by Petros S. Bithas, Hector E. Nistazakis, Athanassios Katsis and Liang Yang
Electronics 2024, 13(4), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040806 - 19 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1426
Abstract
Space–air–ground integrated network (SAGIN) is considered an enabler for sixth-generation (6G) networks. By integrating terrestrial and non-terrestrial (satellite, aerial) networks, SAGIN seems to be a quite promising solution to provide reliable connectivity everywhere and all the time. Its availability can be further enhanced [...] Read more.
Space–air–ground integrated network (SAGIN) is considered an enabler for sixth-generation (6G) networks. By integrating terrestrial and non-terrestrial (satellite, aerial) networks, SAGIN seems to be a quite promising solution to provide reliable connectivity everywhere and all the time. Its availability can be further enhanced if hybrid free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) links are adopted. In this paper, the performance of a hybrid FSO/RF communication system operating in SAGIN has been analytically evaluated. In the considered system, a high-altitude platform station (HAPS) is used to forward the satellite signal to the ground station. Moreover, the FSO channel model assumed takes into account the turbulence, pointing errors, and path losses, while for the RF links, a relatively new composite fading model has been considered. In this context, a new link selection scheme has been proposed that is designed to reduced the signaling overhead required for the switching operations between the RF and FSO links. The analytical framework that has been developed is based on the Markov chain theory. Capitalizing on this framework, the performance of the system has been investigated using the criteria of outage probability and the average number of link estimations. The numerical results presented reveal that the new selection scheme offers a good compromise between performance and complexity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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23 pages, 564 KiB  
Review
Joint Radar, Communication, and Integration of Beamforming Technology
by Khurshid Hussain and Inn-Yeal Oh
Electronics 2024, 13(8), 1531; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081531 - 17 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2969
Abstract
In this paper, we dive into the exciting world of wireless communication, focusing on how millimeter-wave technology and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output phased array antennas are shaping the future of 5G and the upcoming 6G technologies. We cover the latest advancements in millimeter-wave and beamforming [...] Read more.
In this paper, we dive into the exciting world of wireless communication, focusing on how millimeter-wave technology and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output phased array antennas are shaping the future of 5G and the upcoming 6G technologies. We cover the latest advancements in millimeter-wave and beamforming technologies, emphasizing their role in enhancing network security and efficiency in automotive vehicles through dual radar communication. Our discussion spans the benefits, applications, challenges, and solutions of these technologies individually from millimeter-wave to beamforming technologies and joint radar communications, alongside a look at their theoretical and practical implementations. We emphasize the integration of beamforming technology in joint radar communications for future automotive vehicles and its impact on automotive systems, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Looking ahead, we discuss the potential of these technologies to transform future technology landscapes while also addressing the security implications of merging communication and radar capabilities. This paper aims to provide a clear view of the advancements and prospects of millimeter-wave, beamforming, and dual radar communication technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Innovative Technologies in 6G Telecommunication: Challenges and Solutions)
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