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Energies
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Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II
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Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 7661

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paolo Casoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: hybrid hydraulic; industrial and mobile fluid power systems applications; condition monitoring in hydraulic systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Massimo Rundo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: fluid power; internal gear pump; crescent pump; gerotor pump; vane pump
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue is a continuation of the previous and successful series of Special Issues with the topic of “Fluid Power Systems”. It aims to collect studies on the recent advances of fluid power technology in a wide range of topics, including the following:

  • New methodologies for the analysis, modeling, simulation, and design of hydraulic and pneumatic components;
  • Advanced configurations and design for hydrostatic machines and valves;
  • New experimental approaches and techniques in hydraulic and pneumatic components;
  • Advanced system configuration in mobile and industrial fluid power;
  • Applications of fluid power in the field of hydrostatic, hybrid, and power split transmissions;
  • Safety, prognostic, monitoring and fault detection in fluid power components;
  • Hydraulic drives and actuators in powered prosthetics;
  • Reduction in noise and vibration in hydraulic components and systems;
  • Environmental topics and issues in fluid power;
  • New system architectures based on EHA to reduce fuel consumption and increase productivity of fluid power machines;
  • EHA: simulation, implementation, and component integration;
  • Digital fluid power;
  • Aerospace, off-road machinery and stationary applications;
  • Control design methodologies and techniques for fluid power systems;
  • New system configurations to reduce fuel consumption and increase productivity of fluid power machines;
  • Applications of fluid power in the field of renewable energy;
  • Fluid power in mobile and industrial robots;
  • Smart fluids and materials for fluid power systems.

On behalf of Energies, I invite you to consider this Special Issue as an opportunity to publish your research results in the field of fluid power. We are looking forward to receiving your submissions.

Prof. Dr. Paolo Casoli
Prof. Massimo Rundo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fluid power
  • hydrostatic pumps and motors
  • hydraulic control valves
  • digital hydraulics
  • water hydraulics
  • hydrostatic transmissions
  • hybrid and power split transmissions
  • hydraulic hybrids
  • hydraulic and pneumatic robots
  • noise and vibration keyword
  • oscillation damping
  • energy efficiency
  • fuel consumption
  • drives and actuators
  • hydraulic eco-fluids
  • pneumatics

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 2885 KiB  
Article
Conventional and Advanced Exergy Analyses of Industrial Pneumatic Systems
by Zecheng Zhao, Zhiwen Wang, Hu Wang, Hongwei Zhu and Wei Xiong
Energies 2023, 16(16), 5982; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165982 - 15 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1128
Abstract
Pneumatic systems are widely used in industrial manufacturing sectors. However, the energy efficiency of pneumatic systems is generally much lower than their hydraulic and electric counterparts. It is necessary to explore more elaborate theories and methods for achieving better energy performance in pneumatic [...] Read more.
Pneumatic systems are widely used in industrial manufacturing sectors. However, the energy efficiency of pneumatic systems is generally much lower than their hydraulic and electric counterparts. It is necessary to explore more elaborate theories and methods for achieving better energy performance in pneumatic systems. In this study, for investigating the interaction effects between pneumatic components and the accessible improvement potential of energy efficiency in a pre-existing pneumatic system, the advanced exergy analysis is conducted with a better understanding of exergy destruction. The conventional exergy analysis is also carried out for comparison. The results show that an exergy efficiency of 17.3% could be achieved under the real condition in the case of the investigated pneumatic system. However, under unavoidable conditions, the theoretical maximum exergy efficiency could reach 70.5%. This means there is a significant potential for improving the energy performance of the investigated system. Furthermore, both conventional and advanced exergy analyses indicate that the pneumatic cylinder has the greatest potential for improvement. The advanced exergy analysis reveals the complex and variable interactions between pneumatic components. It highlights that the exergy destruction of some components is caused by other components in the system, and thus, improving energy efficiency at the system level rather than at the component level is of great significance. Besides, a priority order of all pneumatic components is determined, thereby guiding the improvement of the energy efficiency of the pneumatic system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II)
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13 pages, 3733 KiB  
Article
Research on Deformation of Hydraulic Cylinders Made of Plastics
by Piotr Stryczek
Energies 2023, 16(15), 5708; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155708 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1052
Abstract
The article presents an author’s approach to the study of the behavior of plastic hydraulic cylinder structures under load. Plastics as design materials, due to their different properties, behave differently from metals. So far, there is little information about hydraulic cylinders made of [...] Read more.
The article presents an author’s approach to the study of the behavior of plastic hydraulic cylinder structures under load. Plastics as design materials, due to their different properties, behave differently from metals. So far, there is little information about hydraulic cylinders made of plastics. They are a technical novelty, and there are no established standards or research methods for them. The tests were carried out on the example of two models of different internal diameter, the smaller one being Ø30 mm and the larger one Ø50 mm. Information was gathered by FEM simulation tests and tests of real models on a special test stand. The simulation section presents geometric models, discrete models and assumed boundary conditions, as well as the results of the performed simulations. For tests of real models, a description of the stand with the measuring equipment used is presented, e.g., laser displacement sensors, as well as the method of conducting the tests and the results. Then, the results are analyzed and compared. Deformations of the examined structures are discussed, e.g., tube swelling or deflection, which seem to be characteristic for plastic cylinders. Finally, the possibility of using selected plastics for the design material of hydraulic cylinders and the suitability of the research method used are assessed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II)
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16 pages, 7068 KiB  
Article
On the Efficiency of Mobile Hydraulic Power Packs Operating with New and Aged Eco-Friendly Fluids
by Ornella Chiavola, Edoardo Frattini, Fulvio Palmieri, Ambra Fioravanti and Pietro Marani
Energies 2023, 16(15), 5681; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155681 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
With the increasing environmental awareness, in many applications, ranging from agriculture to industry and logistics, a wider and wider use of eco-friendly fluids is desirable. Although the chemical and biological aspects related to environmental compatibility have been extensively investigated by industries and researchers [...] Read more.
With the increasing environmental awareness, in many applications, ranging from agriculture to industry and logistics, a wider and wider use of eco-friendly fluids is desirable. Although the chemical and biological aspects related to environmental compatibility have been extensively investigated by industries and researchers for obvious environmental reasons, not much literature is available on the performance of hydraulic components and systems operating with eco-friendly fluids, especially on the possible degradation of performance due to fluid aging. This work is aimed at studying the influence of eco-friendly fluids on the performance of external gear pumps for compact mobile hydraulic power units, which are among the most widespread hydraulic devices in the world, for their cost-effective and flexible construction. Once the experimental set-up is implemented to be well representative of the hydraulic power packs’ typical arrangement, pump performance is investigated. Pump energy performance is obtained in terms of volumetric efficiency and torque efficiency. Alongside the traditional fluid, two types of eco-friendly fluid available in the market are tested. Once the comparison is complete, the investigations are devoted to highlighting the impact of fluid aging on the pump performance. The fluids were aged through 2000 h operation under heavy-duty thermo-mechanical stress on a separate set-up and, afterwards, the pump performance was tested again with aged fluids. The results allow the assessment of the influence of different fluids on pump performance and a comparison of the impact of new versus aged eco-friendly fluids. The eco-friendly fluids exert a significant effect on the pump energy profile. The pump overall efficiency increases, marking an up to 5% improvement, depending on the cases. Fluid aging is found to reduce the pump’s overall performance. This paper addresses the key points defining the pump performance and provides new information on the topic. The results are original and represent a fundamental contribution to define the best practices for energy and maintenance management of hydraulic systems and to foster the deployment of further studies on models and simulation tools to catch the effect of the fluid condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II)
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15 pages, 5161 KiB  
Article
Experimental Measurement and Numerical Validation of the Flow Ripple in Internal Gear Pumps
by Alessandro Ferrari, Paola Fresia, Massimo Rundo, Oscar Vento and Pietro Pizzo
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9607; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249607 - 18 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2161
Abstract
The flow ripple in an internal gear pump was measured by means of a new instantaneous high-pressure flowmeter. The flowmeter consists of two pressure sensors mounted on a piece of the straight steel pump delivery line, and a variable-diameter orifice was installed along [...] Read more.
The flow ripple in an internal gear pump was measured by means of a new instantaneous high-pressure flowmeter. The flowmeter consists of two pressure sensors mounted on a piece of the straight steel pump delivery line, and a variable-diameter orifice was installed along such a line, downstream of the flowmeter, to generate a variable load. Three distinct configurations of the high-pressure flowmeter, characterized by a different distance between the pressure transducers, were analyzed. Furthermore, a comprehensive fluid dynamic 3D model of the pump and of its high-pressure delivery line was developed and validated in terms of both the delivery pressure and the flow ripple for different pump working conditions. For the three examined configurations of the flowmeter, the measured flowrate time histories matched the corresponding numerical distributions at the various operating points. Finally, the validated 3D model was applied to predict the incomplete filling working of the interteeth chambers, and the obtained numerical pressure time histories along the delivery line were used, as input data, to assess the reliability of the flowmeter algorithm even in these severe operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II)
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Review

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20 pages, 1473 KiB  
Review
A Review of the CFD Method in the Modeling of Flow Forces
by Mariusz Domagala and Joanna Fabis-Domagala
Energies 2023, 16(16), 6059; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166059 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1158
Abstract
Hydraulic valves are key components of fluid power systems. They control the flow rate and pressure in hydraulic lines, actuator motion, and direction. Valves that control flow rate or pressure can be divided into two main categories: spool-type valves, where control components are [...] Read more.
Hydraulic valves are key components of fluid power systems. They control the flow rate and pressure in hydraulic lines, actuator motion, and direction. Valves that control flow rate or pressure can be divided into two main categories: spool-type valves, where control components are similar to the piston inside a sleeve with control orifices; and seat-type valves, in which a poppet inside a seat opens and closes the flow. Forces induced on valve components during oil flow are crucial to the valve’s operational capabilities. They can be calculated using a formula originating from the momentum conservation equation for a two-dimensional control volume. Increasing demands for flow rate and pressure control accuracy cause flow forces to be calculated much more accurately than when using the analytical formula. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are the only effective tool for their calculation. This paper reviews the CFD approaches used for calculating flow forces inside hydraulic valves. It presents typical approaches used for evaluating flow forces inside hydraulic valves. The oldest and most common are conducted for a fixed position of valve components for defined flow conditions, which do not cover all components of flow forces. The dynamic flow forces can be calculated using more complex CFD models using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) techniques. This paper presents available FSI techniques for the simulation of transient flow forces, mainly for valves whose component position is determined by the forces occurring during oil flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Analysis in Fluid Power Systems II)
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