Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.3
3.2
Journals
Energies
Special Issues
Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies
energies-logo
Submit to Energies Review for Energies Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2026) | Viewed by 11696

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Roberto Bubbico

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
Interests: energy storage systems; chemical process safety; risk analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The effort to tackle climate change and achieve a greener and more sustainable society, firmly based on the use of renewable energy sources, actually simultaneously requires the adoption of a more efficient synergic approach based on the simultaneous use of different technologies. In this framework, the combination of electrochemical batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen technologies probably represents the most promising strategy that can be used to reach this goal. However, several critical issues in all those technologies, either linked to materials, duration, efficiency, safety, reliability, and so on, as well as their optimal integration, still need to be addressed and solved to allow their stable adoption in a wider range of applications, such as electric vehicles and larger energy storage systems.

This Special issue aims to provide a broad overview of the most recent updates on electrochemical batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen production, storage, and conversion technologies (either in the form of review articles or research papers).

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Components materials;
  • Nanomaterials for energy storage;
  • Solar-based ESS;
  • Renewable energy integration and grid applications;
  • Modelling and simulation of energy storage materials, fuel cells, and electrochemical capacitors;
  • The mitigation of degradation paths in automotive energy systems;
  • Advancements in systems control;
  • Cost reduction strategies;
  • Advanced catalysts for fuel cells;
  • Reversible fuel cells;
  • Realistic and safe solutions for sustainable hydrogen production, storage, and transportation;
  • Economic analyses and business models related to hydrogen technologies.

Dr. Roberto Bubbico
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy storage systems
  • batteries thermal modelling
  • battery thermal management
  • hydrogen production and conversion
  • hydrogen storage and transportation
  • fuel cell systems
  • PEMFC
  • SOFC

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 3490 KB  
Article
Development of a Correction Algorithm for Structural Elements to Enhance EIS Measurement Reliability in Battery Modules
by Seon-Woong Kim and In-Ho Cho
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6300; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236300 - 29 Nov 2025
Viewed by 759
Abstract
With the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has emerged as a promising method for battery pack diagnostics. However, existing EIS research has been predominantly limited to single cells, presenting challenges for practical implementation in [...] Read more.
With the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has emerged as a promising method for battery pack diagnostics. However, existing EIS research has been predominantly limited to single cells, presenting challenges for practical implementation in actual battery pack systems. In real battery packs, structural elements such as bus plates introduce additional impedance artifacts into measurement data. This parasitic impedance becomes more pronounced as the number of parallel-connected cells increases, degrading measurement reliability. This study presents a systematic analysis of bus plate effects on EIS measurements of parallel battery modules and develops a correction algorithm to extract pure module impedance. Standalone bus plate EIS measurements were conducted to establish geometry-based impedance prediction formulas, and correction factors accounting for current distribution and frequency dependence were derived. The algorithm was validated on 2P-4P parallel modules of NCA and LFP batteries, achieving RMSE reduction from 1.18–2.65 mΩ to 0.10–0.17 mΩ, corresponding to an 88–96% error reduction. These results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively improves module-level EIS measurement reliability regardless of battery chemistry and parallel configuration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3306 KB  
Article
Porous LiFePO4 Cathode Synthesized via Spray Drying for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
by Jimin Kim and Seongki Ahn
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6228; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236228 - 27 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1473
Abstract
In this study, a rough-surfaced LiFePO4 (RS-LFP) cathode material with a well-defined porous architecture was successfully synthesized via a scalable, template-assisted spray drying method. The resulting RS-LFP exhibited a high specific surface area of 41.2 m2 g−1, significantly enhancing [...] Read more.
In this study, a rough-surfaced LiFePO4 (RS-LFP) cathode material with a well-defined porous architecture was successfully synthesized via a scalable, template-assisted spray drying method. The resulting RS-LFP exhibited a high specific surface area of 41.2 m2 g−1, significantly enhancing electrode–electrolyte contact. This tailored microstructure, combined with an in-situ-formed carbon network, reduced the charge-transfer resistance and facilitated efficient ion/electron transport. Consequently, the RS-LFP demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance, including a high initial capacity of ~140 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, excellent cycling stability with over 95% capacity retention after 30 cycles, and superior rate capability. The RS-LFP also exhibited a remarkable capacity recovery of ~99% when the current returned to 0.2 C. These findings highlight that engineering porous architectures through template-assisted spray drying is a promising and scalable strategy for developing high-performance phosphate-based cathodes for advanced energy storage applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 782 KB  
Article
Combining Thermal–Electrochemical Modeling and Deep Learning: A Physics-Constrained GRU for State-of-Health Estimation of Li-Ion Cells
by Milad Tulabi and Roberto Bubbico
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6124; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236124 - 22 Nov 2025
Viewed by 729
Abstract
Battery health monitoring is essential for ensuring the safety, longevity, and efficiency of energy storage systems, particularly in critical applications where reliability is important. Traditional methods for assessing battery degradation, such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), are effective but impractical for large-scale deployment [...] Read more.
Battery health monitoring is essential for ensuring the safety, longevity, and efficiency of energy storage systems, particularly in critical applications where reliability is important. Traditional methods for assessing battery degradation, such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), are effective but impractical for large-scale deployment due to their time-intensive nature. This study introduces a novel model-based approach for estimating a critical indicator of battery aging, the internal resistance. Using the NASA battery dataset, specifically focusing on battery numbers 5 and 7 with NCA chemistry, a comprehensive framework that integrates advanced predictive models, i.e., the Random Forest Regressor (RF), the XGBoost Regressor (XGBR), the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, was developed. The models were evaluated using common regression metrics, while hyperparameter tuning was performed to optimize performance. The results demonstrated that recurrent neural networks, particularly GRU and LSTM, effectively capture the temporal dependencies inherent in battery aging, offering more accurate state-of-health (SOH) predictions. This approach significantly improves computational efficiency and prediction accuracy, paving the way for practical applications in Battery Management Systems (BMSs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3179 KB  
Article
Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Suppression Using Water Spray Cooling
by Eric Huhn, Nicole Braxtan, Shen-En Chen, Anthony Bombik, Tiefu Zhao, Lin Ma, John Sherman and Soroush Roghani
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2709; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112709 - 23 May 2025
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6592
Abstract
Despite the commercial success of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the risk of thermal runaway, which can lead to dangerous fires, has become more concerning as LIB usage increases. Research has focused on understanding the causes of thermal runaway and how to prevent or detect [...] Read more.
Despite the commercial success of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the risk of thermal runaway, which can lead to dangerous fires, has become more concerning as LIB usage increases. Research has focused on understanding the causes of thermal runaway and how to prevent or detect it. Additionally, novel thermal runaway-resistant materials are being researched, as are different methods of constructing LIBs that better isolate thermal runaway and prevent it from propagating. However, field firefighters are using hundreds of thousands of liters of water to control large runaway thermal emergencies, highlighting the need to merge research with practical observations. To study battery fire, this study utilized a temperature abuse method to increase LIB temperature and investigated whether thermal runaway can be suppressed by applying external cooling during heating. The batteries used were pouch-type ones and subjected to high states of charge (SOC), which primed the thermal runaway during battery temperature increase. A water spray method was then devised and tested to reduce battery temperature. Results showed that, without cooling, a thermal runaway fire occurred every time during the thermal abuse. However, external cooling successfully prevented thermal runaway. This observation shows that using water as a temperature reducer is more effective than using it as a fire suppressant, which can substantially improve battery performance and increase public safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

41 pages, 1417 KB  
Review
Towards Medium-Temperature Hydrogen Fuel Cell with Glassy Proton-Conductive Membrane—Part II: Mixed-Anion Matrices, Composites and Hybrid Systems
by Maciej Stanisław Siekierski, Jacek Kowalczyk, Karolina Majewska, Mariusz Kłos, Marcin Kaczkan, Aleksander Piasecki, Aleksander Pizoń, Wiktor Piekarski, Karol Kiryk and Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń
Energies 2026, 19(10), 2254; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102254 - 7 May 2026
Viewed by 462
Abstract
With the rising interest in hydrogen technologies as a pathway toward lower-carbon energy systems, there is a growing need for proton exchange membranes that can operate reliably in the 120–200 °C window. This second part of the review examines mixed phosphate–silicate networks, composites, [...] Read more.
With the rising interest in hydrogen technologies as a pathway toward lower-carbon energy systems, there is a growing need for proton exchange membranes that can operate reliably in the 120–200 °C window. This second part of the review examines mixed phosphate–silicate networks, composites, and hybrid membranes designed to move beyond the limitations of the single-anion glasses discussed in Part I. Rather than listing compositions only, the present analysis is organized around a comparative framework that links network chemistry, hydration management, pore-space morphology, interfacial proton transport, and durability under thermal/humidity cycling. Mixed-anion lattices, sol–gel-derived porous glasses, polymer-assisted interpenetrating networks, ionic-liquid-modified systems, fully inorganic composites, and mechanochemically prepared hybrids are evaluated with respect to conductivity, humidity tolerance, structural stability, and device relevance. Particular attention is paid to strategies that attempt to decouple proton conductivity from simple water uptake by combining acidic-site engineering with mesostructural control. The literature shows that recent progress is real but uneven. Conductivity gains are often achieved through better retention of hydrated proton pathways or acid-rich interphases, yet these benefits remain constrained by pore collapse, acid migration, gas crossover, interfacial losses, or insufficient long-term validation in membrane–electrode assemblies. The review, therefore, closes with a cross-class benchmarking matrix and a synthesis-oriented guide intended to support more critical comparison of future intermediate-temperature membrane designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 416 KB  
Review
Towards Medium-Temperature Hydrogen Fuel Cells with Glassy Proton-Conductive Membranes—Part I: Fundamentals and Single-Anion Matrices
by Maciej Stanisław Siekierski, Jacek Kowalczyk, Karolina Majewska, Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń, Mariusz Kłos, Aleksander Piasecki, Aleksander Pizoń, Wiktor Piekarski and Karol Kiryk
Energies 2026, 19(10), 2253; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102253 - 7 May 2026
Viewed by 406
Abstract
The accelerated deployment of hydrogen technologies is widely discussed as a pathway to mitigate climate change and reduce environmental pollution associated with fossil fuel use. In this context, intermediate-temperature proton-exchange membranes that operate in the 120–200 °C window, similar to the one characterizing [...] Read more.
The accelerated deployment of hydrogen technologies is widely discussed as a pathway to mitigate climate change and reduce environmental pollution associated with fossil fuel use. In this context, intermediate-temperature proton-exchange membranes that operate in the 120–200 °C window, similar to the one characterizing liquid-acid PAFC systems (much larger in their power range), are sought as a bridge between low-temperature PFSA-based PEMFCs and low-temperature PCFs, thus combining reduced sensitivity to external humidification with solid-electrolyte handling. This Part I review surveys phosphate- and silicate-based glassy proton conductors as single-anion baseline matrices and organizes the literature around a mechanistic screening framework that links processing fingerprints—particularly sol–gel hydrolysis/condensation conditions, aging, drying, and thermal treatment—to pore architecture, hydration state, and the dominant proton-transport regime. Across both families, conductivity is governed by coupled variables: network chemistry (acidic site density and connectivity), water activity (RH), and microstructure-controlled percolation and retention. Reported σ values can arise from fundamentally different regimes, ranging from hopping-dominated transport supported by dense hydrogen-bond networks and proton-bearing groups to carrier-assisted, water-mediated transport in connected porosity, with distinct humidity dependence and stability implications. Accordingly, the review treats σ(T,RH) and activation energy together with hydration/porosity indicators as primary screening metrics, and it records missing durability and device-level information—chemical stability (hydrolysis and leaching/acid migration), mechanical robustness and cycling response, and current/power density where available—as explicit knowledge gaps. While substantial progress has been achieved within single-anion phosphate and silicate glasses, particularly through engineered acidity and microstructural control, most systems remain limited by hydration drift under gradients, thermal/humidity cycling stability, and electrode/electrolyte interfacial constraints when evaluated against intermediate-temperature membrane requirements. These conclusions establish a quantitative baseline and comparison rules for Part II, which will assess mixed-network, composite, and hybrid strategies designed to decouple conductivity from water-retention and durability trade-offs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Energy Storage: Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technologies)
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-6
Back to TopTop