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Combustion Systems for Advanced Engines
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Combustion Systems for Advanced Engines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 2561

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Grigore Cican

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: CAD; CFX-Ansys; pollution reduction; biofuels; green propellants; ignition and testing turbojet engines; propulsion systems; acoustics and signal processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of high-efficiency, low-emission propulsion systems remains a central priority in energy and transportation research. Combustion systems, in particular, continue to play a critical role in the performance, fuel flexibility, and environmental impact of modern engines, from aviation and automotive applications to power generation and distributed energy systems.

This Special Issue aims to gather cutting-edge research focused on innovative combustion strategies, experimental and numerical modeling, and system-level integration for advanced engines. Emphasis will be placed on novel technologies that contribute to increased thermal efficiency, cleaner combustion, fuel adaptability, and improved reliability across a wide range of operating conditions.

We invite original research papers, reviews, and case studies that explore new directions in combustion science, with a particular focus on applications in next-generation internal combustion engines, gas turbines, hybrid propulsion, and alternative fuel systems. Interdisciplinary approaches combining fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, chemistry, and control engineering are strongly encouraged.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Advanced combustion chamber geometries and optimization methods;
  • Low-temperature and pre-chamber combustion strategies;
  • High-pressure fuel injection and atomization;
  • Biofuels, e-fuels, hydrogen, and ammonia combustion;
  • Emission reduction technologies and soot formation analysis;
  • Numerical simulation of turbulent reactive flows;
  • Advanced diagnostics for combustion phenomena;
  • Waste heat recovery and thermal management;
  • Engine performance optimization under real-world conditions;
  • Integration of combustion systems into hybrid powertrains.

Dr. Grigore Cican
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combustion systems
  • advanced engines
  • low emissions
  • alternative fuels
  • ignition strategies
  • internal combustion engines
  • numerical modeling
  • hybrid propulsion
  • gas turbines
  • fuel injection

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5007 KB  
Article
Influence Analysis of the Nozzle Numbers, Swirl Ratio and Bore-to-Stroke Ratio on the Performance of Biodiesel Engines Under Saddle-Shaped Injection Conditions
by Lei Zhou, Kun Yang, Jianhua Zhao, Tao Nie, Xiaofeng Li, Xianquan Zheng, Yuwei Zhang, Renjie Wu and Mingzhi Wang
Energies 2026, 19(2), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020488 - 20 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 306
Abstract
With the increasingly stringent mandatory emission regulations for engines and the continuous growth of energy consumption, reducing energy consumption and emission pollution has become an inevitable choice for engine development. Against this backdrop, biodiesel and boot-shaped injection rates have attracted widespread attention. However, [...] Read more.
With the increasingly stringent mandatory emission regulations for engines and the continuous growth of energy consumption, reducing energy consumption and emission pollution has become an inevitable choice for engine development. Against this backdrop, biodiesel and boot-shaped injection rates have attracted widespread attention. However, research results on the combination of boot-shaped injection and biodiesel applied to engines have not yet been reported. In order to provide direction for the optimal matching of the combustion system parameters of biodiesel engines under saddle-shaped injection conditions, this paper achieves boot-shaped injection using a dual solenoid valve control strategy for ultra-high-pressure fuel injection devices, establishes a simulation model of biodiesel engines under saddle-shaped injection conditions using software and validates the model based on experiments. Subsequently, the model is used to study the influence of nozzle numbers, swirl ratio and bore-to-stroke ratio on the performance of biodiesel engines under saddle-shaped injection conditions. The results show that under saddle-shaped injection conditions, appropriately increasing the nozzle hole can refine the fuel spray, which is beneficial for fuel–air mixing and combustion in the cylinder. However, too many nozzle holes can lead to interference between adjacent fuel sprays. When the swirl ratio is large, air flow accelerates, and the oxygen concentration in the cylinder increases, which can effectively control soot formation. When the bore-to-stroke ratio is large, the fuel spray is farther away from the combustion chamber side wall, facilitating sufficient contact between fuel and air, resulting in better fuel–air mixing and effectively reducing soot formation. However, the cylinder temperature also increases, leading to higher NOx formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion Systems for Advanced Engines)
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18 pages, 9029 KB  
Article
Fuel Dilution in Hybrid Engine Oils: Correlation Between Viscosity Loss and FTIR Spectral Shifts in Modern Combustion Systems
by Artur Wolak and Grzegorz Zając
Energies 2026, 19(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010050 - 22 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1639
Abstract
This study investigates fuel-induced oil dilution in hybrid powertrains using a combined assessment of kinematic viscosity and FTIR differential spectroscopy. Ten oil samples collected from hybrid vehicles operating under diverse real-world driving patterns were examined to determine how hybrid-specific operating conditions—such as frequent [...] Read more.
This study investigates fuel-induced oil dilution in hybrid powertrains using a combined assessment of kinematic viscosity and FTIR differential spectroscopy. Ten oil samples collected from hybrid vehicles operating under diverse real-world driving patterns were examined to determine how hybrid-specific operating conditions—such as frequent cold starts, extended start–stop phases and short, thermally unstable trips—influence lubricant ageing and, consequently, the energy efficiency of the combustion subsystem. In eight of the ten cases, a clear reduction in kinematic viscosity was observed, indicating the presence of volatile fuel fractions and confirming that fuel dilution is a dominant mechanism shaping the early stages of oil degradation in hybrid engines. FTIR analysis consistently revealed spectral shifts related to oxidation, nitration, sulfonation and additive depletion, together with hydrocarbon enrichment characteristic of fuel contamination. The co-occurrence of viscosity loss and FTIR band evolution demonstrates a strong and reproducible relationship between mechanical thinning of the lubricant and chemically driven transformation pathways, both of which can negatively affect frictional losses and energetic performance. Paper-based blot testing was used only as a supplementary qualitative tool and provided visual confirmation for samples exhibiting the strongest fuel-related FTIR signatures and viscosity changes. Although not mechanistically specific, the method reinforced the laboratory findings in cases of pronounced degradation. Overall, the results highlight the diagnostic value of combining viscosity data with FTIR spectral analysis to characterise fuel dilution and associated ageing mechanisms in hybrid combustion systems. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of lubricant deterioration under real hybrid driving conditions and supports the development of practical monitoring strategies aimed at safeguarding both engine durability and the energy efficiency of hybrid powertrains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion Systems for Advanced Engines)
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