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Advanced Research on Minimizing Engine Emissions: Fuel Spray and Other Factors

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J2: Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 5267

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peiyong Ni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China
Interests: emissions control of internal combustion engine; advanced combustion technology; indoor air quality; modeling and simulation in thermal and fluids engineering
Dr. Xiang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
Interests: new combustion technology and control strategies of IC engine; zero/low carbon emissions powertrain system; optical/laser diagnostics of spray and combustion; alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhijun Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
Interests: thermodynamics; fluid dynamics; combustion; IC engines; gas turbines; fuel cells and other sustainable energy systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental pollution has been a serious global problem in the past few years. Some of the major pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), HC, CO, and NOX, are emitted by the engines of vehicles and other transportation sources. These emissions would adversely affect air quality, human health and climate change.

In order to minimize harmful engine emissions, one route is toward zero-emission vehicles using some powertrains without an internal combustion engine (ICE), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), and oxy-fuel combustion-carbon capture and storage (OFC-CCS) systems.

The other main effective route is minimizing emissions from the ICE of ICE-only vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), for instance optimizing engine fuel spray characteristics to improve air/fuel mixture quality, as well as optimization of other engine operating parameters and factors.

Original research articles and reviews are welcome for this Special Issue. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Engine emissions;
  • Fuel Spray;
  • Low carbon emissions powertrain;
  • Alternative fuels;
  • Fuel cell;
  • Hydrogen;
  • Ammonia.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Peiyong Ni
Dr. Xiang Li
Prof. Dr. Zhijun Peng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emissions
  • fuel spray
  • alternative fuels
  • fuel cell
  • hydrogen
  • ammonia

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 12143 KiB  
Article
Coherent Structures Analysis of Methanol and Hydrogen Flames Using the Scale-Adaptive Simulation Model
by José A. Parra Rodríguez, Marco A. Abad Romero, Oliver M. Huerta Chávez, Luis R. Rangel-López, José C. Jiménez-Escalona and Jorge Diaz Salgado
Energies 2023, 16(20), 7074; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207074 - 13 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 697
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics techniques were applied to reproduce the characteristics of the liquid methanol burner described in a previous paper by Guevara et al. In this work, the unstable Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (U-RANS) approach known as the Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) model was employed, together [...] Read more.
Computational fluid dynamics techniques were applied to reproduce the characteristics of the liquid methanol burner described in a previous paper by Guevara et al. In this work, the unstable Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (U-RANS) approach known as the Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) model was employed, together with the steady nonadiabatic flamelets combustion model, to characterize and compare methanol and hydrogen flames. These flames were compared to determine whether this model can reproduce the coherent dynamic structures previously obtained using the LES model in other investigations. The LES turbulence model still entails a very high computational cost for many research centers. Conversely, the SAS model allows for local activation and amplification, promoting the transitions of momentum equations from the stationary to the transient mode and leading to a dramatic reduction in computational time. It was found that the global temperature contour of the hydrogen flame was higher than that of methanol. The air velocity profile peaks in the methanol flame were higher than those in hydrogen due to the coherent structures formed in the near field of atomization. Both flames presented coherent structures in the form of PVC; however, in the case of hydrogen, a ring-type vortex surrounding the flame was also developed. The axial, tangential, and radial velocity profiles of the coherent structures along the axial axis of the combustion chamber were analyzed at a criterion of Q = 0.003. The investigation revealed that the radial and tangential components had similar behaviors, while the axial velocity components differed. Finally, it was found that, using the SAS model, the coherent dynamic structures of the methanol flame were different from those obtained in previous works using the LES model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Minimizing Engine Emissions: Fuel Spray and Other Factors)
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Review

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44 pages, 2963 KiB  
Review
Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles—From Statistics to Emission Regulations and Vehicle Testing in the European Union
by Wiktor Pacura, Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala and Janusz Gołaś
Energies 2024, 17(1), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010209 - 30 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1173
Abstract
The article offers a comprehensive examination of vehicle emissions, with a specific focus on the European Union’s automotive industry. Its main goal is to provide an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the emission of microcontaminants from light-duty vehicles and the challenges associated [...] Read more.
The article offers a comprehensive examination of vehicle emissions, with a specific focus on the European Union’s automotive industry. Its main goal is to provide an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the emission of microcontaminants from light-duty vehicles and the challenges associated with their removal via exhaust aftertreatment systems. It presents statistical insights into the automotive sector and explores the relationships between vehicle categories, fuel types, and the emission of regulated and nonregulated pollutants, as well as relevant legal regulations such as the European Emission Standard. The article delves into the characteristics of vehicle exhaust, compares exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems, and introduces factors affecting emissions from gasoline engines, including downsizing, fuel composition, and engine operating parameters. It also considers the impact of driving style, start–stop systems, and related factors. Concluding, the article offers an overview of vehicle-testing procedures, including emission tests on dynamometer chassis and real driving emissions. With the growing global vehicle population and international environmental regulations, a focus on solid particles containing microcontaminants is paramount, as they pose significant risks to health and the environment. In summary, this article provides valuable insights into vehicle emissions, significantly contributing to our understanding of this crucial environmental issue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Minimizing Engine Emissions: Fuel Spray and Other Factors)
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21 pages, 5734 KiB  
Review
Strategies to Reduce Emissions from Diesel Engines under Cold Start Conditions: A Review
by Xuewen Zhang, Xiang Huang, Peiyong Ni and Xiang Li
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5192; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135192 - 6 Jul 2023
Viewed by 2764
Abstract
Reducing diesel engine emissions under cold start conditions has become much more valuable as environmental issues become more important. Regarding diesel engine emissions under cold start conditions, this review summarizes the emission mechanisms and specifically focuses on the research progress of four reduction [...] Read more.
Reducing diesel engine emissions under cold start conditions has become much more valuable as environmental issues become more important. Regarding diesel engine emissions under cold start conditions, this review summarizes the emission mechanisms and specifically focuses on the research progress of four reduction strategies: biodiesel utilization, intake heating, injection optimization, and aftertreatment technologies. In general, adding biodiesel and Di-Ethyl-Ether (DEE) could provide the benefit of reducing emissions and maintaining engine performance. Intake heating and appropriate injection strategies could also effectively reduce emissions under cold start conditions. Unlike normal operating conditions, lean nitrogen oxide traps (LNT) or electrically heated catalysts (EHC) should be utilized in the aftertreatment of diesel engines to minimize emissions under cold start conditions. By offering the valuable information above, this review could be a helpful reference in reduction strategies for diesel engines under cold start conditions in both academia and industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Minimizing Engine Emissions: Fuel Spray and Other Factors)
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