energies-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Advancements in Hydrogen Energy for Combustion Engine Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 October 2026 | Viewed by 846

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine; hydrogen fueling station technology; hydrogen transmission by pipeline of blended hydrogen and natural gas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen energy is a clean energy carrier of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass, and is becoming increasingly important in the world. Many scientists, engineers, and world-renowned companies, such as Cummins and Toyota, are involved in the research and development of hydrogen-fueled combustion engines. Their application areas include power plants, vehicles, and ships. This has contributed to advances in materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes for hydrogen energy generation, storage, and transmission for combustion engines. On the other hand, the growing use of hydrogen-fueled combustion engines has pushed research in areas such as theory, design, modeling, combustion, emissions, control, and heat transfer, leading to the development of hydrogen combustion engines with higher efficiency and lower emissions.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances in hydrogen energy for combustion engine applications.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • All aspects of hydrogen fuel supply technology, components, and systems for combustion engines.
  • The combustion, emissions, and application of combustion engines.
  • Life cycle assessment of hydrogen energy and combustion engine.

Dr. Fanhua Ma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combustion engine
  • combustion
  • emissions
  • hydrogen fuel supply technology

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

26 pages, 4285 KB  
Article
Greenhouse Gas and CO2-Equivalent Emissions Analysis of SI Engine Fueled by Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG)
by Hamza Ahmad Salam, Muhammad Farhan, Guoqiang Zhang, Tianhao Chen, Muhammad Ihsan Shahid, Anas Rao, Long Jiang, Xin Li and Fanhua Ma
Energies 2026, 19(9), 2131; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092131 - 29 Apr 2026
Abstract
Internal combustion engines fueled by fossil fuels are major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study analyzes and predicts GHG emissions from hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG)-fueled spark-ignition (SI) engines. Experiments were conducted under stoichiometric conditions, and emissions before and after the [...] Read more.
Internal combustion engines fueled by fossil fuels are major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study analyzes and predicts GHG emissions from hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG)-fueled spark-ignition (SI) engines. Experiments were conducted under stoichiometric conditions, and emissions before and after the three-way catalytic converter (TWC) were analyzed by varying hydrogen fraction (0–50%), EGR ratio (0–23%), engine speed (900 rpm–1500 rpm), engine load (25–75%), and spark timing (8–49 °CA bTDC). Before the TWC, increasing the hydrogen fraction from HCNG0% to HCNG40% at 1500 rpm, 50% load, and 23% EGR reduced total GHG emissions from 184.3 to 65.17 g/kWh. Similarly, for HCNG20% at 900 rpm and 30% load, the TWC reduced the CO2-equivalent emissions of CO, CH4, and NOx from 18.531, 8.149, and 9.057 gCO2eq/kWh to 7.013, 1.626, and 0.429 gCO2eq/kWh, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong linear relationships between operating parameters and GHG emissions. Furthermore, emissions were predicted using four Gaussian process regression (GPR) models: Squared, Exponential, Matern 5/2, and Rational. Among these, the Exponential GPR demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, achieving RMSE values of 0.098, 0.022, and 0.035, with corresponding R2 values of 0.999, 0.807, and 0.996 for CO, CH4, and NOx, respectively. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into GHG emissions and support the development of cleaner, more efficient HCNG engines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Hydrogen Energy for Combustion Engine Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 5571 KB  
Article
Designing and Testing an Innovative Hydrogen Combustor for Gas Turbines
by Hongjuan He, Zongming Yu, Yue Wang, Yuhua Ai, Shanshan Li and Chunjie Liu
Energies 2026, 19(4), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19040988 - 13 Feb 2026
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Hydrogen-fueled gas turbines face challenges related to flashback risk, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and operational flexibility. In this study, a Center-Graded Spiral Micromixing (CGSM) combustor was designed and experimentally investigated to enhance the robustness of fuel–air mixing under hydrogen-rich conditions. The [...] Read more.
Hydrogen-fueled gas turbines face challenges related to flashback risk, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and operational flexibility. In this study, a Center-Graded Spiral Micromixing (CGSM) combustor was designed and experimentally investigated to enhance the robustness of fuel–air mixing under hydrogen-rich conditions. The proposed CGSM concept employs spiral microtubes to induce curvature-driven secondary flows, promoting mixing through airflow-controlled mechanisms rather than relying solely on fuel jet momentum. Numerical simulations were conducted to qualitatively analyze the internal flow and mixing characteristics of the spiral microtubes, followed by pressurized combustor experiments at an inlet pressure of 0.3 MPa and elevated air temperatures. The experimental results demonstrate stable combustion of pure hydrogen under lean conditions, with NOx emissions being maintained below 25 ppm, corrected to 15% O2, without observable flashback or combustion oscillations within the designated operating range (from ignition to full load). The combustor further exhibits stable operation with blended hydrogen–methane and hydrogen–ammonia fuels, enabling online fuel switching without hardware modification. Application tests on an 80 kW micro-gas turbine indicate that the CGSM combustor can support stable operation across the full range of load conditions, from ignition to full-load operation, under both simple- and reheat-cycle modes, with performance characteristics that are consistent with established operational standards for micro-gas turbines. These results suggest that the CGSM concept provides a feasible micromixing strategy for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich fuels at a moderate pressure and micro-gas turbine scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Hydrogen Energy for Combustion Engine Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop