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Global Research and Trends in Offshore Wind, Wave, and Tidal Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2026 | Viewed by 4127

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hua Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
Interests: renewable energy; data science; engineering education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global energy demands, especially the clean energy demand, are rapidly growing, driven by factors like economic growth, increased numbers of electrical cars and data centers, and others. Ocean energy resources have drawn more and more attention in both academia and industry. Offshore wind energy systems have become commercially viable, driven by technological advancements leading to decreasing costs. Although wave and tidal energy are not commercially viable yet, they hold significant potential with the ample available wave and tidal resources in the oceans. The technologies associated with offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy systems have advanced significantly in the last decade, including energy resource measurement and estimation, site identification and selection, layout optimization, energy harvesting efficiency, etc.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the theory, design, resource measurement and estimation, application, control and monitoring, and system integration of offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy resource measurement;
  • Offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy resource estimation and prediction using Artificial Intelligence-based methods;
  • Site identification and selection for offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy systems;
  • Layout optimization for offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy systems;
  • Advancements in harvesting technologies of offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy;
  • System integration, such as hybrid energy systems and integration with grids;
  • Control and monitoring technologies in offshore wind, wave, and tidal energy systems;
  • Review articles on the above topics.

Dr. Hua Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • offshore wind energy
  • wave energy
  • tidal energy
  • hybrid energy systems
  • artificial intelligence
  • site selection and decision making
  • system integration, control, and monitoring

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4073 KB  
Article
Wave Power Density Prediction with Wind Conditions Using Deep Learning Methods
by Chengcheng Gu and Hua Li
Energies 2026, 19(4), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19041071 - 19 Feb 2026
Viewed by 471
Abstract
The uncertainty and enormous potential of wave energy have drawn attention and research efforts on predicting offshore wave behavior to aid wave energy harvesting. The movement of offshore waves generates huge amounts of available renewable energy and creates a unique offshore energy source. [...] Read more.
The uncertainty and enormous potential of wave energy have drawn attention and research efforts on predicting offshore wave behavior to aid wave energy harvesting. The movement of offshore waves generates huge amounts of available renewable energy and creates a unique offshore energy source. Because offshore waves are mainly generated by wind, this paper focused on using wind speed as the main factor to predict offshore wave power density to assist wave energy harvesting. The dynamic behaviors of wave energy were displayed in this paper in a format of wave power density distribution, which was extracted and visualized in MATLAB. The model was reconstruction based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network for one week and 3 h wave power density forecasting, integrated with wind conditions as input in two scenarios. One scenario explored the location effect for wave density forecasting. Another scenario compared the influence of different time series input of the structure. RMSE was used as a criteria estimator of the accuracy. The data period ranges from 1979 to 2019 in the Gulf of Mexico exacted from WaveWatch III. The lowest RMSE among different locations is 0.104, while the different time step scenario has an RMSE of 0.715. Because wind speed data is much easier to get from either hindcast dataset or actual measurement, the proposed method with the resulting accuracy will make the forecasting of wave power density much easier. The method has the ability to be implemented in other wave thriving locations, which fills the gap of forecasting on wave height and period based on buoy data given a lack of measurements, as well as reflecting the correlations between wind speed and wave density, thus providing support for a quantitative correlation model based on a deep-learning-based model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Research and Trends in Offshore Wind, Wave, and Tidal Energy)
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21 pages, 1409 KB  
Article
Offshore Wind Farm Supply Chains and Regional Development: The Role of Ports in Economic and Logistical Growth in the Central Baltic Region
by Weronika Kosek, Waldemar Woźniak, Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski and Wiesław Staniuk
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2599; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102599 - 17 May 2025
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
The development of offshore wind energy has emerged as a key driver of economic growth and energy transition in Europe, with the Baltic Sea region playing a crucial role in this transformation. This paper examines the impact of offshore wind farm (OWF) supply [...] Read more.
The development of offshore wind energy has emerged as a key driver of economic growth and energy transition in Europe, with the Baltic Sea region playing a crucial role in this transformation. This paper examines the impact of offshore wind farm (OWF) supply chains on regional economic development, focusing on the strategic role of ports in facilitating these operations. Particular emphasis is placed on Port Ustka, which has been identified as a potential logistics and service hub for offshore wind projects in Poland’s Exclusive Economic Zone. The study explores the integration of local ports into offshore wind supply chains and their contribution to industrial development, job creation, and infrastructure modernization. Through an analysis of infrastructure parameters, logistical capabilities, and economic impacts, the paper assesses the feasibility of Port Ustka as a service base for major offshore wind projects, such as Baltica 2 and 3. The findings highlight the importance of port infrastructure investments, supply chain optimization, and policy support in maximizing the economic benefits of offshore wind development. By evaluating the challenges and opportunities associated with offshore wind logistics, this paper provides strategic insights for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders. The research underscores the necessity of modernizing port facilities, improving transport connections, and fostering local supply chain participation to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of offshore wind operations in the Central Baltic Region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Research and Trends in Offshore Wind, Wave, and Tidal Energy)
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Review

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36 pages, 7743 KB  
Review
Seabed–Mooring Interaction for Offshore Wind Energy Systems: A Scoping Review
by Sharath Srinivasamurthy, Sreya M. Veettil, Mostafa A. Rushdi and Shigeo Yoshida
Energies 2026, 19(10), 2334; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102334 - 13 May 2026
Viewed by 320
Abstract
The stability and functionality of offshore wind energy systems depend critically on how offshore platforms interact with the geotechnical features of the seabed. This review describes developments in five areas: (i) offshore geotechnical site investigation and strength assessment; (ii) seabed geohazard causes and [...] Read more.
The stability and functionality of offshore wind energy systems depend critically on how offshore platforms interact with the geotechnical features of the seabed. This review describes developments in five areas: (i) offshore geotechnical site investigation and strength assessment; (ii) seabed geohazard causes and deep-water mooring challenges; (iii) frameworks for seabed modeling; (iv) sediment behavior influencing anchor and mooring performance; and (v) selection of anchors based on their interactions with various soils. The review emphasizes developments in seabed assessment and modeling using field, lab, and numerical methods. It discusses how the new advances in analytical and simulation frameworks have enhanced our knowledge of anchor–mooring responses, cyclic loading behaviors, and soil–structure interactions under changing seabed conditions. The key findings reveal that: (1) cyclic loadings considerably change anchor holding capacity and evolution of seabed trenching, yet most existing design methods still use quasi-static loads; (2) site-specific data from integrated geophysical–geotechnical surveys are vital to reduce uncertainty in anchor penetration and the frictional resistance of chains; (3) geohazards, such as shallow gas, marine landslides, and seabed erosion, pose under-recognized risks to long-term anchor reliability. The lack of knowledge on the coupled, long-term evolution of the seabed–anchor–mooring line system is identified as another gap in the literature. Major gaps exist in validating the life cycle of anchor performance under real-scale storm–wave sequences for offshore geotechnical risk management in layered soils. At the end of the discussion, the current study also highlights the need for flexible, data-driven frameworks that integrate geotechnical, hydrodynamic, and structural analyses in a coupled framework to improve reliability in next-generation offshore wind energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Research and Trends in Offshore Wind, Wave, and Tidal Energy)
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