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Energies
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Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility
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Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 5568

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raffaello Cozzolino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Rome Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Roma, Italy
Interests: advanced energy systems; fuel cells; cogeneration and trigeneration systems; polygeneration; renewable energies; thermal energy storages; waste heat recovery; thermodynamic analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Daniele Chiappini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Rome Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Rome, Italy
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; multiphase flows modeling, phase change materials; multi-physics solvers; thermal transient analysis; fuel cell modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing awareness of, as well as the economic and environmental concerns associated with, the use of fossil fuels has led the scientific world to focus on developing sustainable technologies. In this panorama, the transport sector is one of the largest consumers of fossil fuels and the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the predictions of the U.S. Department of Energy, emissions from the mobility sector will increase by up to 54% by 2035, and thus rapid action is required to tame possible catastrophic effects. "Decarbonising" transport has been identified as a priority for the development of sustainable mobility. Among the possible technological solutions, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (P-HEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCVs) offer the best potential for sustainable mobility in the future, allowing for the fast implementation of a large portfolio of technologies. This Special Issue provides a platform for publishing and sharing novel inspiring and promising research on sustainable mobility. The main topics of this Special Issue regard innovative powertrain architectures, energy management strategies, optimization and control strategies, real-time simulations, life cycle costing, life cycle assessment, and environmental analyses. We therefore invite you to submit your papers on innovative technical developments, reviews, case studies, and analytical as well as assessment papers from different disciplines that are relevant to sustainable mobility.

Prof. Dr. Raffaello Cozzolino
Prof. Dr. Daniele Chiappini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Electric vehicle (EV)
  • Hybrid vehicle (HEV)
  • Fuel cell vehicle (FCV)
  • real-time simulation
  • energy management strategies
  • optimization and control strategies
  • Well-to-wheel analysis (WTW)
  • Tank-to-wheel analysis (TTW)
  • LCC & LCA analysis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5468 KiB  
Article
Examining Real-Road Fuel Consumption Performance of Hydrogen-Fueled Series Hybrid Vehicles
by Kaname Naganuma and Yuhei Sakane
Energies 2023, 16(20), 7193; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207193 - 22 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1123
Abstract
The use of hydrogen fuel produced from renewable energy sources is an effective way to reduce well-to-wheel CO2 emissions from automobiles. In this study, the performance of a hydrogen-powered series hybrid vehicle was compared with that of other powertrains, such as gasoline-powered [...] Read more.
The use of hydrogen fuel produced from renewable energy sources is an effective way to reduce well-to-wheel CO2 emissions from automobiles. In this study, the performance of a hydrogen-powered series hybrid vehicle was compared with that of other powertrains, such as gasoline-powered hybrid, fuel cell, and electric vehicles, in a simulation that could estimate CO2 emissions under real-world driving conditions. The average fuel consumption of the hydrogen-powered series hybrid vehicle exceeded that of the gasoline-powered series hybrid vehicle under all conditions and was better than that of the fuel cell vehicle under urban and winding conditions with frequent acceleration and deceleration. The driving range was longer than that of the battery-powered vehicle but approximately 60% of that of the gasoline-powered series hybrid. Regarding the life-cycle assessment of CO2 emissions, fuel cell and electric vehicles emitted more CO2 during the manufacturing process. Regarding fuel production, CO2 emissions from hydrogen and electric vehicles depend on the energy source. However, in the future, this problem can be solved by using carbon-free energy sources for fuel production. Therefore, hydrogen-powered series hybrid vehicles show a high potential to be environmentally friendly alternative fuel vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility)
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20 pages, 10491 KiB  
Article
Coordinated Control of the Hybrid Electric Ship Power-Based Batteries/Supercapacitors/Variable Speed Diesel Generator
by Mamadou Baïlo Camara and Brayima Dakyo
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6666; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186666 - 17 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 809
Abstract
A Hybrid Electric Ship (HES) is investigated in this work to improve its dynamic response to sudden power demand changes. The HES system is based on a Variable-Speed Diesel Generator (VSDG) used for long-term energy supply, with Two Energy Storage Systems (TESSs) using [...] Read more.
A Hybrid Electric Ship (HES) is investigated in this work to improve its dynamic response to sudden power demand changes. The HES system is based on a Variable-Speed Diesel Generator (VSDG) used for long-term energy supply, with Two Energy Storage Systems (TESSs) using Batteries and supercapacitors for transient power supply. The TESS mitigates the power demand fluctuations and reduces its impact on VSDG, which is linked to a DC-bus through a controlled rectifier. Batteries and Supercapacitors (SCs) are connected in a DC-bus using the bidirectional DC/DC converters to manage the transient and fluctuating components. Two thrusters (one in the front and the second in the back of the Ship) are considered for the propulsion system. The HES power demand includes the requirement of the thrusters and embedded power consumers (elevator, package lifting, air conditioning, onboard electronics devices, etc.). The highlight of this paper is based on the HES fast response improvement in sudden power demand situations via TESS-based batteries and supercapacitors. The other highlight concerns the SCs’ electrothermal modeling using an extension of the SCs’ current ripples’ frequency range (0 to 1 kHz), considering parameter evolution according to using the temperature and current waveform. This energy management-based dynamic power component separation method is tested via simulations using a variable operating temperature scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility)
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17 pages, 528 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of Battery Aging for Model-Based PHEV Use Scenarios
by Tejas-Dilipsing Patil, Emmanuel Vinot, Simone Ehrenberger, Rochdi Trigui and Eduardo Redondo-Iglesias
Energies 2023, 16(4), 1749; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041749 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1419
Abstract
Battery lifetime is an important parameter in the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV). This paper aims to study the impact of various parameters on the battery aging of a PHEV. For this purpose, model-based use cases are generated, [...] Read more.
Battery lifetime is an important parameter in the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV). This paper aims to study the impact of various parameters on the battery aging of a PHEV. For this purpose, model-based use cases are generated, the outputs of which are the daily driven distances for a period of one year, recharge scenarios, and battery temperature. A combined aging model (calendar and cycling aging) is used to calculate the capacity lost by the battery at the end of one year of use. The thermal model of the battery is using an electro-thermal coupling equation, for which the ambient temperature is modeled using daily minimum and maximum temperature data varying throughout the year for different cities. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out using the conditioned variance method to identify the most important input parameters which largely affect the output of this study. The results of this study show that battery size, annual mileage, external temperature, and charging behavior are the most important parameters to be considered in the aging study of the battery of a PHEV personal car. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility)
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26 pages, 7041 KiB  
Article
Optimal Control of a PHEV Based on Backward-Looking Model Extended with Powertrain Transient Effects
by Jure Soldo, Ivan Cvok and Joško Deur
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8152; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218152 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1315
Abstract
The paper proposes a power flow control strategy for a P2 parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) which takes into account torque and power losses related to engine-on and gear shift transients. An extended backward-looking (EXT-BWD) model is proposed to account for the [...] Read more.
The paper proposes a power flow control strategy for a P2 parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) which takes into account torque and power losses related to engine-on and gear shift transients. An extended backward-looking (EXT-BWD) model is proposed to account for the transient losses, while the control strategy combines a rule-based controller with an equivalent consumption minimization strategy. To describe the transient losses, the EXT-BWD model includes additional state variables related to engine on/off flag and gear ratio in the previous time step. To establish a performance benchmark for control strategy verification, a dynamic programming-based control variable optimization framework is established based on the EXT-BWD model. The proposed control strategy is demonstrated to improve the fuel efficiency and drivability compared to the original control strategy while retaining comparable computational efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility)
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