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Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials
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Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2021) | Viewed by 11988

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jacques Huot

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Départment of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
Interests: hydrogen storage; metal hydrides; materials characterization; gas–solid interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The last few years have seen a resurgence of hydrogen as an energy carrier, especially for mobile applications such as cars, trucks, and trains. Hydrogen storage is a key component in all of these applications, but the requirements in terms of the pressure and temperature of operation, as well as cost, may be quite different. Storing hydrogen solid materials has many advantages over the conventional means of storage of high-pressure and liquid. The main ones being the high volumetric density at a near-ambient temperature, high purity of the released hydrogen, low cost, and inherent safety.

The goal of this Special Issue is to assemble original researches or review articles on the materials for hydrogen storage. Fundamental as well as applied aspects will be covered. Articles on all types of hydrogen storage materials are welcome. These include, but are not limited to, conventional metal hydrides such as magnesium-based, TiFe, AB5, AB2, complex hydrides, nanoporous, and high entropy alloys. 

Prof. Dr. Jacques Huot
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen storage
  • gas–solid interactions
  • metal hydrides
  • complex hydrides
  • nanoporous materials
  • high-entropy alloys

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1389 KiB  
Article
Effect of HPT on the First Hydrogenation of LaNi5 Metal Hydride
by Renato Belli Strozi, Julia Ivanisenko, Natalia Koudriachova and Jacques Huot
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6710; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206710 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1325
Abstract
This paper reports the effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the first hydrogenation of LaNi5. We found that, for loose powder, reduction of particle size has an effect of increasing the incubation time and decreasing the hydrogen capacity. A higher amount [...] Read more.
This paper reports the effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the first hydrogenation of LaNi5. We found that, for loose powder, reduction of particle size has an effect of increasing the incubation time and decreasing the hydrogen capacity. A higher amount of HPT turns only marginally reduce the incubation time but has no effect on hydrogen capacity. In all cases, the first dehydrogenation and subsequent hydrogenation have the same kinetics, irrespective of the particle size or number of HPT turns. Therefore, for LaNi5, HPT has a beneficial effect only for the first hydrogenation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials)
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14 pages, 2396 KiB  
Article
Electrolyte-Assisted Hydrogen Cycling in Lithium and Sodium Alanates at Low Pressures and Temperatures
by Jason Graetz and John J. Vajo
Energies 2020, 13(22), 5868; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225868 - 10 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
An investigation of electrolyte-assisted hydrogen storage reactions in complex aluminum hydrides (LiAlH4 and NaAlH4) reveals significantly reduced reaction times for hydrogen desorption and uptake in the presence of an electrolyte. LiAlH4 evolves ~7.8 wt% H2 over ~3 h [...] Read more.
An investigation of electrolyte-assisted hydrogen storage reactions in complex aluminum hydrides (LiAlH4 and NaAlH4) reveals significantly reduced reaction times for hydrogen desorption and uptake in the presence of an electrolyte. LiAlH4 evolves ~7.8 wt% H2 over ~3 h in the presence of a Li-KBH4 eutectic at 130 °C compared to ~25 h for the same material without the electrolyte. Similarly, NaAlH4 exhibits 4.8 wt% H2 evolution over ~4 h in the presence of a diglyme electrolyte at 150 °C compared to 4.4 wt% in ~15 h for the same material without the electrolyte. These reduced reaction times are composed of two effects, an increase in reaction rates and a change in the reaction kinetics. While typical solid state dehydrogenation reactions exhibit kinetics with rates that continuously decrease with the extent of reaction, we find that the addition of an electrolyte results in rates that are relatively constant over the full desorption window. Fitting the kinetics to an Avrami-Erofe’ev model supports these observations. The desorption rate coefficients increase in the presence of an electrolyte, suggesting an increase in the velocities of the reactant-product interfaces. In addition, including an electrolyte increases the growth parameters, primarily for the second desorption steps, resulting in the observed relatively constant reaction rates. Similar effects occur upon hydrogen uptake in NaH/Al where the presence of an electrolyte enables hydrogenation under more practical low temperature (75 °C) and pressure (50 bar H2) conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials)
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14 pages, 4570 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-Ni Alloys Processed by Fast Forging
by Patricia de Rango, Jing Wen, Nataliya Skryabina, Laetitia Laversenne, Daniel Fruchart and Marielle Borges
Energies 2020, 13(13), 3509; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133509 - 7 Jul 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2510
Abstract
Fast forging of compacts made up of Mg and Ni powders is shown to be an effective method to induce severe plastic deformation with improved H2 sorption properties. Here, using such processed samples, a comprehensive analysis of the sorption properties reveals that [...] Read more.
Fast forging of compacts made up of Mg and Ni powders is shown to be an effective method to induce severe plastic deformation with improved H2 sorption properties. Here, using such processed samples, a comprehensive analysis of the sorption properties reveals that the first hydrogenation sequence significantly depends on the forging temperature, through different microstructures. More in detail, no phase transformation occurs upon cold forging, while solid-state reaction leads to the formation of the Mg2Ni intermetallic compound upon forging above 400 °C. Forging below the brittle-to-ductile transition (225–250 °C) leads to faster H2 uptake upon first absorption owing to a more textured fiber along the c-axis and internal strains which promote hydrogen diffusion through the bulk material. Desorption kinetics remain slower with low-temperature forging, despite Ni recombining to form Mg2Ni during the first desorption. After several cycles, a two-step behavior is observed with a fast absorption step occurring up to about 3 wt.%. Despite this limited uptake performance, the forging process can be considered as a straightforward, safe, and cost-efficient process to produce large amounts of Mg-based alloys for hydrogen storage. In particular, such severe plastic deformation processes can be considered as reliable substitutes for ball-milling, which is highly efficient but energy- and time-consuming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials)
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17 pages, 3412 KiB  
Article
Investigation of H Sorption and Corrosion Properties of Sm2MnxNi7−x (0 ≤ x < 0.5) Intermetallic Compounds Forming Reversible Hydrides
by Nicolas Madern, Véronique Charbonnier, Judith Monnier, Junxian Zhang, Valérie Paul-Boncour and Michel Latroche
Energies 2020, 13(13), 3470; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133470 - 4 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Intermetallic compounds are key materials for energy transition as they form reversible hydrides that can be used for solid state hydrogen storage or as anodes in batteries. ABy compounds (A = Rare Earth (RE); B = transition metal; 2 < y [...] Read more.
Intermetallic compounds are key materials for energy transition as they form reversible hydrides that can be used for solid state hydrogen storage or as anodes in batteries. ABy compounds (A = Rare Earth (RE); B = transition metal; 2 < y < 5) are good candidates to fulfill the required properties for practical applications. They can be described as stacking of [AB5] and [AB2] sub-units along the c crystallographic axis. The latter sub-unit brings a larger capacity, while the former one provides a better cycling stability. However, ABy binaries do not show good enough properties for applications. Upon hydrogenation, they exhibit multiplateau behavior and poor reversibility, attributed to H-induced amorphization. These drawbacks can be overcome by chemical substitutions on the A and/or the B sites leading to stabilized reversible hydrides. The present work focuses on the pseudo-binary Sm2MnxNi7−x system (0 ≤ x < 0.5). The structural, thermodynamic and corrosion properties are analyzed and interpreted by means of X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements. Unexpected cell parameter variations are reported and interpreted regarding possible formation of structural defects and uneven Mn distribution within the Ni sublattice. Reversible capacity is improved for x > 0.3 leading to larger and flatter isotherm curves, allowing for reversible capacity >1.4 wt %. Regarding corrosion, the binary compound corrodes in alkaline medium to form rare earth hydroxide and nanoporous nickel. As for the Mn-substituted compounds, a new corrosion product is formed in addition to those above mentioned, as manganese initiates a sacrificial anode mechanism taking place at the early corrosion stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials)
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26 pages, 4077 KiB  
Article
Designing an AB2-Type Alloy (TiZr-CrMnMo) for the Hybrid Hydrogen Storage Concept
by Julián Puszkiel, José M. Bellosta von Colbe, Julian Jepsen, Sergey V. Mitrokhin, Elshad Movlaev, Victor Verbetsky and Thomas Klassen
Energies 2020, 13(11), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112751 - 1 Jun 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3975
Abstract
The hybrid hydrogen storage method consists of the combination of both solid-state metal hydrides and gas hydrogen storage. This method is regarded as a promising trade-off solution between the already developed high-pressure storage reservoir, utilized in the automobile industry, and solid-state storage through [...] Read more.
The hybrid hydrogen storage method consists of the combination of both solid-state metal hydrides and gas hydrogen storage. This method is regarded as a promising trade-off solution between the already developed high-pressure storage reservoir, utilized in the automobile industry, and solid-state storage through the formation of metal hydrides. Therefore, it is possible to lower the hydrogen pressure and to increase the hydrogen volumetric density. In this work, we design a non-stoichiometric AB2 C14-Laves alloy composed of (Ti0.9Zr0.1)1.25Cr0.85Mn1.1Mo0.05. This alloy is synthesized by arc-melting, and the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors are evaluated in a high-pressure Sieverts apparatus. Proper thermodynamic parameters are obtained in the range of temperature and pressure from 3 to 85 °C and from 15 to 500 bar: ΔHabs. = 22 ± 1 kJ/mol H2, ΔSabs. = 107 ± 2 J/K mol H2, and ΔHdes. = 24 ± 1 kJ/mol H2, ΔSdes. = 110 ± 3 J/K mol H2. The addition of 10 wt.% of expanded natural graphite (ENG) allows the improvement of the heat transfer properties, showing a reversible capacity of about 1.5 wt.%, cycling stability and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation times between 25 to 70 s. The feasibility for the utilization of the designed material in a high-pressure tank is also evaluated, considering practical design parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Storage Properties of Materials)
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