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Accelerating the Advent of Clean and Intelligent Thermal Engines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I: Energy Fundamentals and Conversion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 15901

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK
Interests: hydrogen; solar fuels; syngas; biofuels; reaction mechanisms; internal combustion engines; gas turbines; turbulent combustion; limit phenomena; combustion dynamics; emissions; model reduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermal engines are inarguably the prevalent technology powering the transport sector worldwide, predominantly with fossil fuels. Solid evidence suggests that such engines will maintain a large share of the market for decades to come. Similarly, data from the OECD indicate a strong dependence of the industry, residential, and services sectors on fossil fuels, with energy consumptions varying between 40% and 70%, and the current estimates suggest that, even in the most optimistic scenarios, thermal engines will still play a significant role. Yet, legislation and environmental concerns mandate the drastic reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs). For this to be achieved, current relevant technology must be decarbonized and replaced by environmentally friendly and financially viable solutions. The introduction of alternative fuels powering clean thermal engines seems to be the apparent solution. The employment of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and approaches and the tremendous developments in computational power will play a pivotal role in the development of novel combustion technologies and, therefore, the advent of more efficient, environmentally benign, and financially viable thermal engine solutions.

In this regard, the current Special Issue aims to provide a platform for the proper dissemination of innovative research developments in alternative fuels (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia, syngas, e-fuels, solar fuels, and SAF), combustion technologies (e.g., SI, CI, RCCI, HCCI, PCCI, and GT), and numerical as well as experimental techniques and approaches that focus on accelerating the transition to clean and intelligent thermal engines.

Topics of primary interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Low temperature combustion;
  • Limit phenomena (ignition, extinction);
  • Mathematical methods;
  • Machine learning;
  • Premixed/non-premixed flames;
  • Turbulent/laminar flames;
  • Thermoacoustics;
  • High-fidelity numerical simulations (DNS, LES, RANS);
  • Emissions;
  • Compression/spark ignition engines;
  • HCCI/RCCI;
  • Gas turbines;
  • Sustainable fuels;
  • Solar fuels;
  • Hydrogen;
  • E-fuels;
  • Gasification;
  • Pyrolysis;
  • Droplets;

Dr. Efstathios (Stathis) - Alexandros Tingas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combustion
  • emissions
  • internal combustion engines
  • engine performance
  • fuels

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2678 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Pyrolysis and Soot Formation Characteristics of JP-10 Jet Fuel
by Ruining He, Jin Wu, Wenlin Jia, Jinhu Liang and Yang Li
Energies 2022, 15(3), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030938 - 27 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2360
Abstract
Experiments of high temperature pyrolysis and soot formation analysis on JP-10, one of the representatives of fuels, were conducted in order to analyze its properties and help construct its chemical kinetic mechanism. High-temperature pyrolysis and fuel-rich oxidation experiments were carried out on JP-10 [...] Read more.
Experiments of high temperature pyrolysis and soot formation analysis on JP-10, one of the representatives of fuels, were conducted in order to analyze its properties and help construct its chemical kinetic mechanism. High-temperature pyrolysis and fuel-rich oxidation experiments were carried out on JP-10 fuel under different conditions using two types of shock tube equipment (SPST and HPST). The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in two working conditions with JP-10 concentrations of 200 ppm and 500 ppm (in Ar). Quantitative analyses of JP-10 pyrolysis products were carried out using gas chromatography, and a total of eight small molecule products below C4 were detected. Among these eight products, methane, ethene, and acetylene were the three main products. In the fuel-rich oxidation experiments for soot formation analysis, a total of nine working conditions were designed, but soot formation was detected only under three of them. The soot induction delay time and soot yield of JP-10 were investigated using laser absorption measurement. The SYmax (the maximum amount of soot yield) and other relevant parameters were investigated under these three different working conditions. At a pressure of 3 bar and a temperature of 1884.10 K, the soot yield reached a maximum of 14.3. In addition to practical insights from these data, they were also useful for the construction and validation of the chemical kinetic mechanism of JP-10. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Accelerating the Advent of Clean and Intelligent Thermal Engines)
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Review

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49 pages, 2330 KiB  
Review
Marine Exhaust Gas Treatment Systems for Compliance with the IMO 2020 Global Sulfur Cap and Tier III NOx Limits: A Review
by Theodoros C. Zannis, John S. Katsanis, Georgios P. Christopoulos, Elias A. Yfantis, Roussos G. Papagiannakis, Efthimios G. Pariotis, Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. Rakopoulos and Athanasios G. Vallis
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3638; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103638 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 9308
Abstract
In the present work, the contemporary exhaust gas treatment systems (EGTS) used for SOx, PM, and NOx emission mitigation from shipping are reviewed. Specifically, after-treatment technologies such as wet scrubbers with seawater and freshwater solution with NaOH, hybrid wet scrubbers, [...] Read more.
In the present work, the contemporary exhaust gas treatment systems (EGTS) used for SOx, PM, and NOx emission mitigation from shipping are reviewed. Specifically, after-treatment technologies such as wet scrubbers with seawater and freshwater solution with NaOH, hybrid wet scrubbers, wet scrubbers integrated in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) installations, dry scrubbers, inert gas wet scrubbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are analyzed. The operational principles and the construction specifications, the performance characteristics and the investment and operation of the reviewed shipping EGTS are thoroughly elaborated. The SCR technology is comparatively evaluated with alternative techniques such as LNG, internal engine modifications (IEM), direct water injection (DWI) and humid air motor (HAM) to assess the individual NOx emission reduction potential of each technology. Detailed real data for the time several cargo vessels spent in shipyards for seawater scrubber installation, and actual data for the purchase cost and the installation cost of seawater scrubbers in shipyards are demonstrated. From the examination of the constructional, operational, environmental and economic parameters of the examined EGTS, it can be concluded that the most effective SOx emission abatement system is the closed-loop wet scrubbers with NaOH solution which can practically eliminate ship SOx emissions, whereas the most effective NOx emission mitigation system is the SCR which cannot only offer compliance of a vessel with the IMO Tier III limits but can also practically eliminate ship NOx emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Accelerating the Advent of Clean and Intelligent Thermal Engines)
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32 pages, 5774 KiB  
Review
Emission Quantification via Passive Infrared Optical Gas Imaging: A Review
by Ruiyuan Kang, Panos Liatsis and Dimitrios C. Kyritsis
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3304; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093304 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3483
Abstract
Passive infrared optical gas imaging (IOGI) is sensitive to toxic or greenhouse gases of interest, offers non-invasive remote sensing, and provides the capability for spatially resolved measurements. It has been broadly applied to emission detection, localization, and visualization; however, emission quantification is a [...] Read more.
Passive infrared optical gas imaging (IOGI) is sensitive to toxic or greenhouse gases of interest, offers non-invasive remote sensing, and provides the capability for spatially resolved measurements. It has been broadly applied to emission detection, localization, and visualization; however, emission quantification is a long-standing challenge for passive IOGI. In order to facilitate the development of quantitative IOGI, in this review, we summarize theoretical findings suggesting that a single pixel value does not provide sufficient information for quantification and then we proceed to collect, organize, and summarize effective and potential methods that can support IOGI to quantify column density, concentration, and emission rate. Along the way, we highlight the potential of the strong coupling of artificial intelligence (AI) with quantitative IOGI in all aspects, which substantially enhances the feasibility, performance, and agility of quantitative IOGI, and alleviates its heavy reliance on prior context-based knowledge. Despite progress in quantitative IOGI and the shift towards low-carbon/carbon-free fuels, which reduce the complexity of quantitative IOGI application scenarios, achieving accurate, robust, convenient, and cost-effective quantitative IOGI for engineering purposes, interdisciplinary efforts are still required to bring together the evolution of imaging equipment. Advanced AI algorithms, as well as the simultaneous development of diagnostics based on relevant physics and AI algorithms for the accurate and correct extraction of quantitative information from infrared images, have thus been introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Accelerating the Advent of Clean and Intelligent Thermal Engines)
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