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Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications
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Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1629

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Seungho Jung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
Interests: hydrogen safety; risk assessment; modeling; optimization; CFD; consequence analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chankyu Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Social Safety System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
Interests: chemical safety; process safety; safety; safety management; risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen is the smallest and simplest element on earth and has been emerging as a sustainable energy carrier for the future. In addition, when hydrogen is used in mobility, power generation, or combustion, there is no emission of global warming gases. Hence, hydrogen is referred to as “future energy”. Although it is highlighted as an alternative  energy source and carrier, hydrogen has a very high risk of explosion and fire. In order to safely use it, reliable safety management and controls are essential so that it can be used like gasoline or natural gas in the near future. Though issues of hydrogen safety for energy applications are critical, engineering designs, risk assessments, and codes and standards present different aspects of contemporary knowledge regarding the hazards, risks and safety connected with hydrogen systems. Therefore, it is significant for researchers to have a place to discuss and debate on these subjects. 

The sections of this Special Issue cover the main hydrogen technologies and explore the scientific aspects of possible sources and consequences of accidental events that can occur when hydrogen is used, including in its vehicular applications. It also covers the physics and engineering of hydrogen safety; its social, policy and organizational aspects; the assessment, management and communication of risks; the effectiveness of control and management techniques for safety; standardization; legislation; inspection; insurance; costing aspects.

Most of all, “risk assessment”, as well as the safety measures/safety barriers applicable in such situations, are importantly considered. 

The purpose of this Special Issue is to invite researchers (scholars, researchers, scholars) to present recent experiments, simulations and numerical studies in the field of hydrogen safety technology. Topics of interest in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:
-    Hydrogen refueling stations (HRS);
-    Liquid hydrogen;
-    Hydrogen facility ;
-    Risk assessment model for hydrogen ;
-    Safety distance for hydrogen facility;
-    Hydrogen related incidents;
-    Hydrogen fire & explosion ;
-    Hydrogen incidents database;
-    Prevention and mitigation of hydrogen incidents;
-    H2 pressure relief devices;
-    Protection layers;
-    Cryogenic hazards for liquid hydrogen;
-    Hydrogen vapor cloud explosion;
-    Hydrogen pipelines and piping safety;
-    Large-scale underground H2 pipelines;
-    Engineering design considering safety;
-    Hydrogen safety codes and regulations.

Dr. Seungho Jung
Dr. Chankyu Kang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • risk
  • hydrogen refueling station (HRS)
  • safety
  • cryogenic hazards
  • fire
  • explosion
  • jetfire
  • VCE
  • hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV)
  • code
  • standard
  • regulation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 7905 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Experimental Verification of Dispersion and Explosion of Hydrogen–Methane Mixture in a Domestic Kitchen
by Haidong Xu, Qiang Deng, Xiaomei Huang, Du Li and Fengwen Pan
Energies 2024, 17(10), 2320; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102320 - 11 May 2024
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Hydrogen is a carbon-free energy source that can be obtained from various sources. The blending of hydrogen represents a transitional phase in the shift from natural gas systems to hydrogen-based systems. However, concerns about the safety implications of introducing hydrogen have led to [...] Read more.
Hydrogen is a carbon-free energy source that can be obtained from various sources. The blending of hydrogen represents a transitional phase in the shift from natural gas systems to hydrogen-based systems. However, concerns about the safety implications of introducing hydrogen have led to extensive discussions. This paper utilizes Fluent 17.0 numerical simulation software to simulate the leakage of hydrogen-blended natural gas in a closed domestic kitchen and analyze the concentration distribution and its variation pattern after a leakage. An experimental platform is set up, and a mixture of nitrogen and helium gas is used as a substitute for hydrogen-blended natural gas for the simulations and experiments. The simulation results demonstrate that the leaked gas spreads and accumulates towards the top of the space, gradually filling the entire area as the leak persists. As the hydrogen content in the leaked gas increases, the dispersion capacity of the gas in the confined space also increases. Furthermore, as the flow rate of the leaked gas increases, the average concentration of the leaked gas rises, and the gas stratification in the confined kitchen diminishes. The concentration distribution observed in the experiments aligns with the simulation results. After establishing the feasibility conditions of the model, the dispersion of the hydrogen-blended natural gas in the kitchen is further simulated. The results suggest that blending hydrogen into the gas enhances the dispersion of the gas after a leak, leading to a wider distribution within the kitchen and an increased risk in the event of a leak. Additionally, this paper employs the CASD module of FLACS 11.0 software to construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the domestic kitchen for simulation studies on the explosion of hydrogen-blended natural gas in a confined space. By adjusting the hydrogen ratio in the combustible gases present in the space and examining the variations in hydrogen concentration and external conditions, such as opening or closing the door, the influence on parameters including the peak explosion pressure, explosion overpressure, explosion flame temperature, and explosion response time are examined. Furthermore, the extent of the explosion area is determined, and the effect of hydrogen on the blast is clarified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications)
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14 pages, 7267 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Refueling Station in Cheonan City of South Korea
by Bo-il Jeon, Shinji Kim, Yeo Song Yoon and Seungho Jung
Energies 2023, 16(20), 7138; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207138 - 18 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003
Abstract
The average temperature of the Earth has risen due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases emitted from the usage of fossil fuels. The consequential climate changes have caused various problems, fueling the growing demand for environmentally friendly energy sources that can replace fossil [...] Read more.
The average temperature of the Earth has risen due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases emitted from the usage of fossil fuels. The consequential climate changes have caused various problems, fueling the growing demand for environmentally friendly energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. Batteries and hydrogen have thus been utilized as substitute energy sources for automobiles to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Consequently, the number of hydrogen refueling stations is increasing due to an increase in the number of hydrogen-powered vehicles. However, several incidents have been reported in the United States of America and Japan where hydrogen refueling stations have been operating for a long time. A risk assessment of hydrogen refueling stations operating in urban areas was performed in this study by calculating the risk effect range using a process hazard analysis tool (PHAST) v8.7 from DNV-GL and a hydrogen risk assessment model (HyRAM) from Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The societal risk was assessed through a probit model based on the calculation results. The assessment results showed that the risk caused by jet fire and overpressure in an incident is lower than the ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications)
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