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Innovations in Biomass Conversion, Biorefinery, and Energy Utilization: Modeling, Optimization, and Industrial Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 1658

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Low-Carbon Industrial Processes, German Aerospace Center, Cottbus, Germany
Interests: decarbonisation; pyrolysis; renewable fuels; energetic transition

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Guest Editor
CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: waste valorization; catalysis; pyrolysis; renewable fuels
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last decade, the world has witnessed a significant surge in the development of novel technologies for biomass conversion, both standalone and within a biorefinery context, driven by the growing demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Despite these advancements, there remains a pressing need to improve current modeling paradigms and optimize biomass utilization for industrial applications. Moreover, the geopolitical climate has brought the use of biomass and wastes as direct heat sources to mainstream attention, offering a promising short-term alternative to fossil fuels and contributing to a low-carbon economy.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations in biomass conversion, biorefinery, and energy utilization, with a particular focus on modeling, optimization, and industrial applications. It seeks to highlight the importance of developing more accurate and efficient modeling paradigms, as well as the potential of biomass as a direct source of energy for industry.

The topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel biomass conversion techniques in all levels of technological development;
  • Biorefinery systems and processes, including the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and biopower;
  • Modeling and simulation of biomass conversion and biorefinery processes;
  • Optimization techniques for biomass utilization, including machine learning, artificial intelligence, and process intensification;
  • Industrial applications of biomass as a direct source of energy, including power generation, heat production, and industrial processes;
  • Case studies and reviews of commercial-scale biomass conversion and biorefinery projects.

Dr. Frederico G Fonseca
Prof. Dr. Ana Paula Soares Dias
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass conversion
  • biorefinery
  • energy utilization
  • modeling and optimization
  • sustainable energy systems

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 12897 KB  
Article
Spatial Multi-Criteria Land Suitability Analysis for Community-Scale Biomass Power Plant Site Selection
by Athipthep Boonman, Suneerat Fukuda and Agapol Junpen
Energies 2025, 18(17), 4469; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174469 - 22 Aug 2025
Viewed by 728
Abstract
Community-scale biomass power plants (CSBPPs) offer a decentralized approach for electricity generation by utilizing locally available biomass while delivering socioeconomic benefits. Site selection plays a critical role in the success of CSBPPs and requires the consideration of diverse spatial and non-spatial factors. This [...] Read more.
Community-scale biomass power plants (CSBPPs) offer a decentralized approach for electricity generation by utilizing locally available biomass while delivering socioeconomic benefits. Site selection plays a critical role in the success of CSBPPs and requires the consideration of diverse spatial and non-spatial factors. This study presents a spatial decision-support tool for identifying suitable CSBPP sites in Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), which comprises the Chachoengsao, Chonburi, and Rayong provinces. A geoprocessing workflow integrating Geographic Information Systems (GISs), Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was developed using ModelBuilder tools in ArcGIS Pro (version 3.0.2). Thirteen sub-criteria related to geographical, infrastructural, and socioeconomic–cultural dimensions, along with exclusion zones, were evaluated by 15 experts from diverse stakeholder groups. Biomass availability from five major economic crops was combined with other spatial data layers, incorporating expert-assigned weights and suitability scores. The findings indicated a remaining biomass energy potential was 34,156 TJ, with sugarcane residues contributing over 80%. Approximately 20% of the EEC area (about 0.262 million hectares) was classified as highly suitable for CSBPP development, revealing several viable site options. The proposed model offers a flexible and replicable framework for regional biomass planning and can be adapted to other locations by adjusting the criteria and integrating optimization techniques. Full article
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14 pages, 2082 KB  
Article
Effect of the Growth Period of Tree Leaves and Needles on Their Fuel Properties
by Tadeusz Dziok, Justyna Łaskawska and František Hopan
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4109; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154109 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
The main advantage of using biomass for energy generation is the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. For a fast reduction effect, it is important to use biomass characterised by an annual growth cycle. These may be fallen leaves. The fuel properties of the [...] Read more.
The main advantage of using biomass for energy generation is the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. For a fast reduction effect, it is important to use biomass characterised by an annual growth cycle. These may be fallen leaves. The fuel properties of the leaves can change during the growth period. These changes can result from both the natural growth process and environmental factors—particulate matter adsorption. The main objective was to determine changes in the characteristics of leaves and needles during the growth period (from May to October). Furthermore, to determine the effect of adsorbed particulate matter, the washing process was carried out. Studies were carried out for three tree species: Norway maple, horse chestnut and European larch. Proximate and ultimate analysis was performed and mercury content was determined. During the growth period, beneficial changes were observed: an increase in carbon content and a decrease in hydrogen and sulphur content. The unfavourable change was a significant increase in ash content, which caused a decrease in calorific value. The increase in ash content was caused by adsorbed particulate matter. They were mostly absorbed by the tissues of the needle and leaves and could not be removed by washing the surface. Full article
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Review

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35 pages, 801 KB  
Review
Biochar Production Technology as a Negative Emission Strategy: A Review
by Andre Amba Matarru and Donghoon Shin
Energies 2025, 18(18), 4898; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18184898 - 15 Sep 2025
Viewed by 96
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and shift towards renewable energy has increased attention on biochar as a viable negative emission strategy. This review assesses the potential of biochar produced from organic and waste biomass via thermochemical processes—including pyrolysis, gasification, and [...] Read more.
The urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and shift towards renewable energy has increased attention on biochar as a viable negative emission strategy. This review assesses the potential of biochar produced from organic and waste biomass via thermochemical processes—including pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization—to address climate and energy challenges. Recent advances in biochar production are critically examined, highlighting how process design controls improve key properties such as carbon stability, atomic ratios, porosity, and energy density. These factors influence biochar’s performance in carbon sequestration and its utility across industrial sectors, ranging from agriculture and construction to energy generation and carbon capture systems. Results indicate that large-scale adoption of biochar could lower carbon emissions, enhance soil fertility, and produce renewable fuels like hydrogen, while also benefiting circular economy initiatives. However, obstacles remain, including economic costs, feedstock logistics, process optimization, and potential environmental or social impacts. This review underscores that unlocking biochar’s full promise will require interdisciplinary research, robust quality standards, and supportive policies. With integrated efforts across science, industry, and policy, biochar can serve as an effective and sustainable technology for emission reduction and contribute significantly to global carbon neutrality goals. Full article
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