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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2024) | Viewed by 5757

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Dr. Chun-Hung Wang

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Guest Editor

Department of Science, Northland Pioneer College, Little Colorado Campus, Winslow, AZ 86047, USA
Interests: green energy and sustainability studies by computational chemistry; chemical kinetics and thermodynamics of combustion reactions; systems thinking in chemical education

Dr. Suhyeon Park

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Guest Editor

School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of Korea
Interests: experimental heat and fluid transfer; optical measurements of thermophysical properties; gas turbine heat transfer; fuel cell cooling design

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The understanding of combustion and flame in power plants not only determines the efficiency of energy transfer but also alters its environmental cleanliness. Environmentally friendly energy generation and propulsion devices are the keys for a sustainable society of the future.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent experimental and computational research on combustion, flame, and their relationships. Topics of interests for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

Development and validation of energy kinetics and modelling of combustion systems;
Experimental and computational research of laminar and turbulent combustion;
Hydrogen- and ammonia-powered energy devices;
Combustor developments for hydrogen turbines and ammonia turbines;
Combustion diagnostic techniques;
NOx and pollutant emission evaluations;
Ammonia combustion and cracking processes.

Dr. Chun-Hung Wang
Dr. Suhyeon Park
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

combustion
flame
kinetics
thermodynamics
gas turbine
fuel cell
biofuel
hydrogen

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combustion Characteristics of Sinusoidal-Shaped Walls with Catalyst Segmentation in Micro-Combustors for Micro-Thermophotovoltaic Application

by Qi Yuan, Zhiping Guo and Yuan Li

Energies 2024, 17(11), 2560; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112560 - 25 May 2024

Viewed by 414

Abstract

The combustion characteristics of micro-combustors significantly impact the performance of micro-thermophotovoltaic (MTPV) systems. This study aims to investigate the effects of sinusoidal-shaped walls and catalyst segmentation on flame stability and combustion performance in a micro-combustor by using numerical methods. The numerical simulation with detailed gas-phase and surface reaction mechanisms is reliable, as the results of numerical simulation align with experimental data. The results show that the interplay between flame stability and sinusoidal-shaped walls is crucial, particularly because of the cavities formed by the sinusoidal-shaped walls of the micro-combustor. The gas-phase ignition position of the sinusoidal-shaped wall combustor moves upstream by 0.050 m compared to the planar-wall combustor, but the flame is stretched. The catalyst segments coated on the crest can shorten the flame length and increase the average temperature by a maximum 62 K, but delay the gas-phase ignition. Conversely, catalyst segments coated on the trough can advance ignition, but this results in flame elongation and a decrease in the average temperature. The rational combination of catalyst segmentation and sinusoidal-shaped walls facilitates moving the ignition position upstream by a maximum of 0.065 m while substantially reducing the length of the combustor required for complete fuel conversion by more than 60%. These attributes are highly beneficial for improving efficiency and minimizing the length of the micro-combustor for MTPV application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Flame: Latest Research)

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14 pages, 3663 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation of Non-Premixed Combustion Process in a Swirl Burner with LPG and Hydrogen Mixture

by Abay Mukhamediyarovich Dostiyarov, Dias Raybekovich Umyshev, Andrey Anatolievich Kibarin, Ayaulym Konusbekovna Yamanbekova, Musagul Elekenovich Tumanov, Gulzira Ainadinovna Koldassova and Maxat Arganatovich Anuarbekov

Energies 2024, 17(5), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17051012 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 859

Abstract

In the modern world, issues related to the use of alternative fuels are becoming increasingly pressing. These fuels offer the potential to achieve significantly improved environmental and technological performance. Currently, among such fuels, biodiesel, ammonia, LPG, and hydrogen are considered the most promising options. LPG and hydrogen exhibit a high Lower Heating Value (LHV) and have a relatively low environmental impact. This article investigates the combustion of hydrogen-LPG mixtures in a diffusion burner. The main parameters under study include the proportion of hydrogen in the fuel, equivalence ratio, and vane angle. The analyzed parameters encompass NOx and CO concentrations. The studies have demonstrated that the addition of hydrogen can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as the combustion product is clean water. The primary focus of this research is the examination of combustion processes involving flow swirl systems and alternative fuels and their mixtures. The studies indicate that flame stabilization is significantly influenced by several factors. The first factor is the amount of hydrogen added to the fuel mixture. The second factor is the degree of mixing between the fuel and oxidizer, along with hydrogen. Lastly, the equivalence ratio plays a crucial role. As the studies have shown, the maximum stabilization for a speed of 5 m/s is achieved at an angle of 60° and a hydrogen fraction of 40%, resulting in φ_LBO = 0.9. This represents an 8.0% improvement in stabilization compared to the baseline mode, primarily due to the substantial proportion of hydrogen. An analysis of flame photographs reveals that as the twist angle increases, a recirculation zone becomes more apparent. Increasing the blade angle and incorporating hydrogen leads to a reduction in CO concentrations in the exhaust gases. The analysis indicates that increasing the hydrogen proportion to 50%, compared to the absence of hydrogen, results in a 30% decrease in CO concentration. In our case, for the option φ = 0.3 and blade angles of 60°, the reduction in CO concentration was 28.5%. From the authors’ perspective, the most optimal vane angle is 45°, along with a hydrogen fraction of 30–40%. With these parameters, it was possible to achieve concentrations of NOx = 17–25 ppm, φ_LBO = 0.66, and CO = 130–122 ppm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Flame: Latest Research)

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14 pages, 3202 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study on Combustion-Driven Jet Actuation for Aerodynamic Control of Airfoil Flows

by Taesoon Kim, Suhyeon Park and Ilyoup Sohn

Energies 2023, 16(24), 8008; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248008 - 11 Dec 2023

Viewed by 773

Abstract

In this study, a numerical investigation is conducted on combustion-driven pulsed-jet actuation to control the flow around a lifting surface. Based on relevant experimental measurements and computations, high-speed jets are generated from the impulsive variation in pressure at the actuator boundary. A supersonic jet flow is momentarily generated by combustion in a reaction chamber of the actuator, and the flow interacts with the external flow around the lifting surface and alters the aerodynamic characteristics. The computational results indicate that the flow control performance of the jet actuation is significant at a high-incidence angle of attack, such as beyond the stall angle, whereas the impact is minimal at low angles of attack, such as in the linear lift region. Repetitive jet actuation can produce additional momentum to the external flow and alters the pressure distribution on the suction surface, particularly downstream of the actuator location. This pressure variation from the actuation yields an additional lift force on the lifting surface and reduces the amplitude of the aerodynamic moment at a given angle of attack, thus enhancing the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Flame: Latest Research)

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19 pages, 3826 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Fueled Spark-Ignited Engine at Different Compression Ratios: Experimental and Numerical Investigation

by Ducduy Nguyen, Tanmay Kar and James W. G. Turner

Energies 2023, 16(15), 5730; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155730 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1846

Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of hydrogen-fueled, spark-ignited, single-cylinder Cooperative Fuel Research using experimental and numerical approaches. This study examines the effect of the air–fuel ratio on engine performance, emissions, and knock behaviour across different compression ratios. The results indicate that λ significantly affects both engine performance and emissions, with a λ value of 2 yielding the highest efficiency and lowest emissions for all the tested compression ratios. Combustion analysis reveals normal combustion at λ ≥ 2, while knocking combustion occurs at λ < 2, irrespective of the tested compression ratios. The Livenwood–Wu integral approach was evaluated to assess the likelihood of end-gas autoignition based on fuel reactivity, demonstrating that both normal and knocking combustion possibilities are consistent with experimental investigations. Combustion analysis at the ignition timing for maximum brake torque conditions demonstrates knock-free stable combustion up to λ = 3, with increased end-gas autoignition at lower λ values. To achieve knock-free combustion at those low λs, the spark timings are significantly retarded to after top dead center crank angle position. Engine-out NOx emissions consistently increase in trend with a decrease in the air–fuel ratio of up to λ = 3, after which a distinct variation in NOx is observed with an increase in the compression ratio. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combustion and Flame: Latest Research)

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