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Advances in Methods and Metrics for Power Systems, from Reliability to Resilience

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2021) | Viewed by 10769

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
Interests: power systems resilience metrics; electric grid hardening, materials, and devices; renewable energy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
Interests: resilient control systems; resilience metrics; cyber-physical anomaly detection; context-aware cyber-physical visualization for energy systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern-day society has become increasingly dependent upon electrical infrastructure for many subsequent benefits to the net quality of life. Consequently, large power outages can result in great social-economic damage and individual death. Maintaining acceptable performance levels of the electric power grid is therefore of critical importance. This Special Issue in Energies titled “Advances in Methods and Metrics for Power Systems, from Reliability to Resilience” focuses on innovative and novel interdisciplinary research for improving power grid resilience, building upon traditional reliability to advance concepts that address manmade and natural threats. Understanding value starts with the ability to measure benefit, so this Special Issue is focused on illuminating ideas and approaches that benchmark measurable improvement toward achieving resilience to cyber attacks, complex failures, damaging storms, and the like. The scope covers important areas, such as power system control schemes, system hardening designs, assessment methods, cyber–physical systems, cyber–physical root cause assessment and visualization, and resilience metrics for both the distribution and transmission level. General topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Power systems resilience and reliability: metrics, methods, challenges, definitions, and practical implementations;
  • Microgrids: fault tolerance reconfigurations, intelligent controls, energy diversification, solid state power electronics, and resilience metrics;
  • Distribution and transmission system state awareness: resilience metrics, cyber–physical control/anomaly detection, distributed analysis, and cyber–physical visualization of root cause;
  • Power systems control theory: intelligent, reconfigurable, optimal, and human-machine interaction;
  • Power system sensor architectures: embedded modeling and analysis, intelligence and agents, wireless control and determinism, and multi-parameter integration and diversity;
  • Computational intelligence: machine learning, neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, and Bayesian belief networks;
  • Cyber–physical power and energy systems: real-time communication, protection, control, resilience, reliability, sustainability, and efficiency;
  • Distributed intelligence: Failure/error tolerance and recovery, adaptable/flexible architectures, reconfigurable microgrids, multi-level/agent systems, multi-sensor fusion, tele-presence, probabilistic behaviors, performance validation/verification, and communications security;
  • Cyber architecture: health indicators and defense optimization;
  • Data fusion: data reduction, security characterization, data diversity, anomaly detection, and response prioritization.

Dr. Bjorn Vaagensmith
Dr. Craig Rieger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Power systems resilience metrics
  • Resilient control systems
  • Power systems reliability
  • Probabilistic risk assessment
  • Microgrids
  • Distribution and transmission systems
  • Power systems control theory
  • Power system sensor architectures
  • Cyber–physical systems
  • Cyber–physical state awareness.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 1021 KiB  
Article
Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments
by Bjorn Vaagensmith, Vivek Kumar Singh, Robert Ivans, Daniel L. Marino, Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe, Jacob Lehmer, Tyler Phillips, Craig Rieger and Milos Manic
Energies 2021, 14(5), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051409 - 4 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2961
Abstract
Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are an integral part of modern society; thus, enhancing these systems’ reliability and resilience is paramount. Cyber–physical testbeds (CPTs) are a safe way to test and explore the interplay between the cyber and physical domains and to cost-effectively enhance the [...] Read more.
Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are an integral part of modern society; thus, enhancing these systems’ reliability and resilience is paramount. Cyber–physical testbeds (CPTs) are a safe way to test and explore the interplay between the cyber and physical domains and to cost-effectively enhance the reliability and resilience of CPSs. Here a review of CPT elements, broken down into physical components (simulators, emulators, and physical hardware), soft components (communication protocols, network timing protocols), and user interfaces (visualization-dashboard design considerations) is presented. Various methods used to validate CPS performance are reviewed and evaluated for potential applications in CPT performance validation. Last, initial simulated results for a CPT design, based on the IEEE 33 bus system, are presented, along with a brief discussion on how model-based testing and fault–injection-based testing (using scaling and ramp-type attacks) may be used to help validate CPT performance. Full article
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25 pages, 1632 KiB  
Article
Resilience in an Evolving Electrical Grid
by Phylicia Cicilio, David Glennon, Adam Mate, Arthur Barnes, Vishvas Chalishazar, Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez, Bjorn Vaagensmith, Jake Gentle, Craig Rieger, Richard Wies and Mohammad Heidari Kapourchali
Energies 2021, 14(3), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030694 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4875
Abstract
Fundamental shifts in the structure and generation profile of electrical grids are occurring amidst increased demand for resilience. These two simultaneous trends create the need for new planning and operational practices for modern grids that account for the compounding uncertainties inherent in both [...] Read more.
Fundamental shifts in the structure and generation profile of electrical grids are occurring amidst increased demand for resilience. These two simultaneous trends create the need for new planning and operational practices for modern grids that account for the compounding uncertainties inherent in both resilience assessment and increasing contribution of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources. This work reviews the research work addressing the changing generation profile, state-of-the-art practices to address resilience, and research works at the intersection of these two topics in regards to electrical grids. The contribution of this work is to highlight the ongoing research in power system resilience and integration of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources in electrical grids, and to identify areas of current and further study at this intersection. Areas of research identified at this intersection include cyber-physical analysis of solar, wind, and distributed energy resources, microgrids, network evolution and observability, substation automation and self-healing, and probabilistic planning and operation methods. Full article
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36 pages, 7799 KiB  
Article
Towards a Holistic Microgrid Performance Framework and a Data-Driven Assessment Analysis
by Apostolos C. Tsolakis, Ilias Kalamaras, Thanasis Vafeiadis, Lampros Zyglakis, Angelina D. Bintoudi, Adamantia Chouliara, Dimosthenis Ioannidis and Dimitrios Tzovaras
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5780; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215780 - 4 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
On becoming a commodity, Microgrids (MGs) have started gaining ground in various sizes (e.g., nanogrids, homegrids, etc.) and forms (e.g., local energy communities) leading an exponential growth in the respective sector. From demanding deployments such as military bases and hospitals, to tertiary and [...] Read more.
On becoming a commodity, Microgrids (MGs) have started gaining ground in various sizes (e.g., nanogrids, homegrids, etc.) and forms (e.g., local energy communities) leading an exponential growth in the respective sector. From demanding deployments such as military bases and hospitals, to tertiary and residential buildings and neighborhoods, MG systems exploit renewable and conventional generation assets, combined with various storage capabilities to deliver a completely new set of business opportunities and services in the context of the Smart Grid. As such systems involve economic, environmental and technical aspects, their performance is quite difficult to evaluate, since there are not any standards that cover all of these aspects, especially during operational stages. Towards allowing an holistic definition of a MG performance, for both design and operational stages, this paper first introduces a complete set of Key Performance Indicators to measure holistically the performance of a MG’s life cycle. Following, focusing on the MG’s day-to-day operation, a data-driven assessment is proposed, based on dynamic metrics, custom made reference models, and smart meter data, in order to be able to extract its operational performance. Two different algorithmic implementations (i.e., Dynamic Time Warping and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) are used to support the methodology proposed, while real-life data are used from a small scale MG to provide the desired proof-of-concept. Both algorithms seem to correctly identify days and periods of not optimal operation, hence presenting promising results for MG performance assessment, that could lead to a MG Performance Classification scheme. Full article
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