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Future Wind Power Plants: Challenges and Developments

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 9264
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Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Operations, Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: renewable energy; artificial intelligence; power systems; simulation and modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia
Interests: power system analysis, communication, control and protection; renewable energy; smart grid; IEC61850 implementation and cogeneration systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing penetration of Wind Power Plants (WPPs) in electrical networks has presented various challenges such as the intermittency of wind power and power quality issues. However, the environmental impacts caused by the thermal power plants have resulted in a trend towards higher penetration of WPPs.

Since the 1970s, wind turbines have improved to the point where they generate at least 100 times more power than their predecessors. Considering the increased size of WPPs all over the world, more research is needed and is being carried out into the design, control, and interconnection of WPPs to power systems. Acceleration of wind energy growth requires one to replace the single wind energy technology mindset with a system approach. Hybrid solutions, such as wind energy paired with another energy source or storage technology, will open new opportunities for the wind sector. In addition, wind energy and especially offshore wind is a promising source for generating green hydrogen, which is an emerging technology in reducing carbon emissions.

The cost to produce electricity from wind has plummeted from $500 per MWh to $50. Technical developments, like floating offshore turbines enabling the harvest of wind energy in very deep waters, integrated control strategies considering the needs of the grid, and artificial intelligence permanently assessing the performance of the turbines, have contributed to the impressive cost reductions. Even then, the wind power industry faces continued pressure to reduce costs.

With improvements to other parts of the power grid, such as power storage, wind technology has become crucial for responding to the electricity supply and demand volatility that markets experience.

Hence, the target of this Special Issue is to critically address the challenges and issues concerned with WPPs and provide appropriate solutions to enhance wind power generation. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to the following:

  • Grid integration;
  • Power electronics converters;
  • Machine learning algorithms;
  • Wind-energy-based hybrid systems;
  • Green hydrogen energy;
  • Energy storage systems;
  • Information and communication technologies;
  • Economic and social impacts;
  • Energy market bidding strategies;
  • Wind power forecasting;
  • Floating offshore wind power technologies;
  • Wind turbine components recycling.

Dr. Seyed Morteza Alizadeh
Prof. Dr. Akhtar Kalam
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 1456 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of an Electromagnetic Frequency Regulator under Parametric Variations for Wind System Applications
by Thiago F. do Nascimento, Evandro A. D. F. Nunes, Elmer R. L. Villarreal, Ricardo F. Pinheiro and Andrés O. Salazar
Energies 2022, 15(8), 2873; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082873 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
The electromagnetic frequency regulator (EFR) device has proven to be an attractive solution for driving grid-connected electrical generators in distributed generation (DG) systems based on renewable energy sources (RES). However, the dynamic characteristic of the EFR has not yet been discussed for cases [...] Read more.
The electromagnetic frequency regulator (EFR) device has proven to be an attractive solution for driving grid-connected electrical generators in distributed generation (DG) systems based on renewable energy sources (RES). However, the dynamic characteristic of the EFR has not yet been discussed for cases where its parameters vary from the nominal values. To evaluate this issue, this paper proposes a method for transient and steady-state performance analysis applied to the EFR device considering parametric variations. To perform this analysis, a dynamic model of the EFR device is derived, and its dynamic characteristics are discussed. Based on this model, the system’s controller gains are designed by using the root-locus method (RLM) to obtain the desired dynamic performance. Then, a sensitivity analysis of the closed-loop poles under the effect of parameters variation is performed. In addition, the paper also presents an analysis of the EFR-based system operating with the designed controllers. The proposed theoretical analysis is assessed using simulation and experimental results. The simulation program was developed using a Matlab/Simulink platform, while the experimental results were obtained through a laboratory setup emulating the EFR-based system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Wind Power Plants: Challenges and Developments)
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31 pages, 46146 KiB  
Article
Seismic Analysis of 10 MW Offshore Wind Turbine with Large-Diameter Monopile in Consideration of Seabed Liquefaction
by Jian Zhang, Guo-Kai Yuan, Songye Zhu, Quan Gu, Shitang Ke and Jinghua Lin
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2539; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072539 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3041
Abstract
With the increasing construction of large-scale wind turbines in seismically active coastal areas, the survivability of these high-rated-power offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in marine and geological conditions becomes extremely important. Although research on the dynamic behaviors of OWTs under earthquakes has been conducted [...] Read more.
With the increasing construction of large-scale wind turbines in seismically active coastal areas, the survivability of these high-rated-power offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in marine and geological conditions becomes extremely important. Although research on the dynamic behaviors of OWTs under earthquakes has been conducted with consideration of the soil-structure interaction, the attention paid to the impact of earthquake-induced seabed liquefaction on OWTs supported by large-diameter monopiles remains limited. In view of this research gap, this study carries out dynamic analyses of a 10 MW OWT under combined wind, wave, and earthquake loadings. This study uses a pressure-dependent multisurface elastoplastic constitutive model to simulate the soil liquefaction phenomenon. The results indicate that the motion of the large-diameter monopile leads to more extensive soil liquefaction surrounding the monopile, specifically in the zone near the pile toe. Moreover, compared with earthquake loading alone, liquefaction becomes more severe under the coupled wind and earthquake loadings. Accordingly, the dynamic responses of the OWT are apparently amplified, which demonstrates the importance of considering the coupling loadings. Compared with wind loading, the effect of wave loading on the dynamic response and liquefaction potential is relatively insignificant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Wind Power Plants: Challenges and Developments)
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24 pages, 7829 KiB  
Article
Developing a Decision Tree Algorithm for Wind Power Plants Siting and Sizing in Distribution Networks
by Santosh Ghimire and Seyed Morteza Alizadeh
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2293; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082293 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3119
Abstract
The interconnection of wind power plants (WPPs) with distribution networks has posed many challenges concerned with voltage stability at the point of common coupling (PCC). In a distribution network connected WPP, the short-circuit ratio (SCR) and impedance angle ratio seen at PCC (X/R [...] Read more.
The interconnection of wind power plants (WPPs) with distribution networks has posed many challenges concerned with voltage stability at the point of common coupling (PCC). In a distribution network connected WPP, the short-circuit ratio (SCR) and impedance angle ratio seen at PCC (X/RPCC) are the most important parameters, which affect the PCC voltage (VPCC) stability. Hence, design engineers need to conduct the WPP siting and sizing assessment considering the SCR and X/RPCC seen at each potential PCC site to ensure that the voltage stability requirements defined by grid codes are provided. In various literature works, optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation in distribution networks (DG) has been carried out using analytical, numerical, and heuristics approaches. The majority of these methods require performing computational tasks or simulate the whole distribution network, which is complex and time-consuming. In addition, other works proposed to simplify the WPP siting and sizing have limited accuracy. To address the aforementioned issues, in this paper, a decision tree algorithm-based model was developed for WPP siting and sizing in distribution networks. The proposed model eliminates the need to simulate the whole system and provides a higher accuracy compared to the similar previous works. For this purpose, the model accurately predicts key voltage stability criteria at a given interconnection point, including VPCC profile and maximum permissible wind power generation, using the SCR and X/RPCC values seen at that point. The results confirmed the proposed model provides a noticeable high accuracy in predicting the voltage stability criteria under various validation scenarios considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Wind Power Plants: Challenges and Developments)
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