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Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D1: Advanced Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 13085
Submit your paper and select the Journal “Energies” and the Special Issue “Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes” via: https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=energies. Please contact the guest editor or the journal editor ([email protected]) for any queries.

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Dr. Dipali S. Patil

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Guest Editor

Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
Interests: electrochemistry; conducting polymers; metal oxides; metal sulfides; composites; battery; supercapacitor

Dr. Sachin Apparao Pawar

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Guest Editor

JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Interests: electrochemistry; metal oxides; transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs); 2D materials; quantum dots; solar cell; supercapacitor; photoelectrochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The entire world is facing a climate change challenge due to excessive use of nonrenewable energy resources. In order to cap the Co₂ emissions at safety levels, it is inevitable to focus our attention on green energy alternatives. In this quest, energy conversion and storage are key to fulfilling the unprecedented global energy demands arising due to an elevated population.

Supercapacitors (SCs) or ultracapacitors, which are known as electrochemical capacitors or electrochemical energy storage devices, are the most appealing energy storage devices owing to their use in a variety of applications such as portable electronic devices, backup power systems, and hybride vehicles. SCs are promising is due to their high power density and long cycle life. Based on their charge storage mechanisms, SCs are categorized as electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and psedocapacitors. Despited the benefits of SCs in energy storage, they face the challenge of low energy density to match with the batteries.

SCs are considered as green energy alternatives, because they do not pose a threat to the environment and are generally significantly safer if environmentally benign materials are employed. This Special Issue on advanced materials for supercapacitor electrodes enables a great opportunity to uncover the potential of the different materials to be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Accordingly, we invite scientists, engineers, students, and enthusiasts in academia, research institutions, public or private funded laboratories, and industry to contribute their discoveries and challenges in supercapacitor electrode studies.

Electrode materials for supercapacitor studies based on but not limited to carbon materials, metal oxides/hydroxides, metal sulfides/selenides, conducting polymers, layered double hydroxides, and composites are welcome, in the form of either an original research article or a review.

Dr. Dipali S. Patil
Dr. Sachin Apparao Pawar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Energy storage devices
Supercapacitors
Battery-type supercapacitors
Renewable energies
Electrochemical materials science.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Radio-Frequency Power on the Composition of BiVO₄ Thin-Film Photoanodes Sputtered from a Single Target

by Jiaqi Liu, Kazuya Tajima, Imane Abdellaoui, Muhammad Monirul Islam, Shigeru Ikeda and Takeaki Sakurai

Energies 2021, 14(8), 2122; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082122 - 10 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1997

Abstract

BiVO₄ films were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) sputtering from a single target. The deposited BiVO₄ films were found to be rich in Bi, and the reason for the Bi-richness was investigated. It was inferred from the Monte Carlo simulation that, during sputtering, the transfer process of target atoms through argon gas played a major role in this phenomenon. The transfer process resulted in an imbalanced ratio of Bi and V, arising from the difference in atom mass and interaction radius. The high RF power was found to be effective in adjusting the Bi/V ratio, influencing the sputtering yield. This type of preferential sputtering was maintained by the diffusion of target atoms from the bulk to the surface. BiVO₄ films with monoclinic scheelite crystal structures were obtained at high RF power values and found to exhibit photocatalytic performances beneficial for photoanodic applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)

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17 pages, 7110 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Effects of Reduced Sintering Temperature on Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Energy Storage Properties of Microwave-Sintered PLZT 8/60/40 Ceramics

by Ajeet Kumar, Sivanagi Reddy Emani, K. C. James Raju, Jungho Ryu and A. R. James

Energies 2020, 13(23), 6457; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236457 - 7 Dec 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2516

Abstract

In this study, (Pb_0.92La_0.08) (Zr_0.60Ti_0.40) O₃ (PLZT 8/60/40) ceramics were synthesized using a high-energy ball-milling technique followed by microwave sintering at different temperatures from 900 °C to 1200 °C. The optimal microwave sintering temperature for the PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics was found to be 1150 °C, which is relatively low compared with conventional sintering temperature. The sintered ceramics show the pure perovskite phase, uniform grain microstructure (1.2 µm) and high density (~99.5%). The polarization vs. electric field (P-E) hysteresis curves were used to investigate the ferroelectric and energy storage properties. The switching characteristic in P-E loops and occurrence of domain switching current in current vs. electric field (I-E) loops confirms their ferroelectric nature. The PLZT ceramics, which were sintered at 1150 °C, show the highest remnant polarization (P_r) of ~32.18 μC/cm² and domain switching current (I_max) of ~0.91 mA with a low coercive field (E_c) of ~10.17 kV/cm. The bipolar and unipolar strain vs. electric field (S-E) hysteresis loops were also measured and the highest unipolar strain was found to be ~0.26% for the PLZT ceramics sintered at 1150 °C. The unipolar S-E curves were used to derive the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃~495 pm/V) and a strain hysteresis loss (~5.8%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)

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13 pages, 6363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conventional or Microwave Sintering: A Comprehensive Investigation to Achieve Efficient Clean Energy Harvesting

by Siva Sankar Nemala, Sujitha Ravulapalli, Sudhanshu Mallick, Parag Bhargava, Sivasambu Bohm, Mayank Bhushan, Anukul K. Thakur and Debananda Mohapatra

Energies 2020, 13(23), 6208; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236208 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1556

Abstract

Layers of titania are the critical components in sensitized photovoltaics. The transfer of electrons occurs from the dye molecule to the external circuit through a transparent conducting oxide, namely fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Porosity, interparticle connectivity, and the titania films’ defects play a vital role in assessing the dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance. The conventional methods typically take several hours to fabricate these layers. This is a significant impediment for the large-scale manufacture of DSSCs. This step can be reduced to a few hours by a microwave sintering process and may facilitate the rapid fabrication of the critical layers for sensitized photovoltaics, thus, boosting the prospects for the commercialization of these devices. In the present study, we aimed to perform different heat treatments (conventional and microwave) on the titania films with different temperatures to understand the phase formation, transmittance, and porosity without losing the titania’s interparticle connectivity. The solar cell performance of microwave-sintered titania films is comparatively higher than that of conventionally sintered titania films. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)

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18 pages, 4989 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Concentration on the Charge Storage Kinetics of Nanostructured MnO₂ Thin-Film Supercapacitors Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Method

by Aviraj M. Teli, Sonali A. Beknalkar, Sachin A. Pawar, Deepak P. Dubal, Tukaram D. Dongale, Dipali S. Patil, Pramod S. Patil and Jae Cheol Shin

Energies 2020, 13(22), 6124; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13226124 - 22 Nov 2020

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 2879

Abstract

In this study, amorphous manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanostructured thin films were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It is well known that the nanostructure plays a crucial role in energy storage applications. Herein, MnO₂ nanostructures ranging from plates to flakes were synthesized without the use of any hard or soft templates. The 4+ oxidation state of Mn was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The MnO₂ nanoflake structure has a specific surface area of 46 m²g⁻¹, which provides it with an excellent rate capability and an exactly rectangular cyclic voltammogram (CV) curve. The MnO₂ nanoflake electrode has a high specific capacitance of about 433 Fg⁻¹, an energy density of 60 Whkg⁻¹ at 0.5 mAcm⁻², and an excellent cyclic stability of 95% over 1000 CV cycles in 1 M aq. Na₂SO₄. Kinetics analysis of the charge storage in the nanoflake MnO₂ sample shows a 55.6% diffusion-controlled contribution and 44.4% capacitive-controlled contribution to the total current calculated at a scan rate of 100 mVs⁻¹ from the CV curve. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)

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14 pages, 9541 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hierarchical Manganese–Iron-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Asymmetric Supercapacitors

by Dipali S. Patil, Sachin A. Pawar, Hyo Jin Kim and Jae Cheol Shin

Energies 2020, 13(18), 4616; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184616 - 4 Sep 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3250

Abstract

This work presents a synthesis of hierarchical manganese–iron-layered double hydroxide (MnFe-LDH) nanostructured electrodes using the hydrothermal synthesis route by varying the reaction time for electrochemical energy storage applications. The electrochemical behavior of the MnFe-LDH electrodes synthesized at different reaction times was analyzed in a three-electrode cell configuration using 2 M KOH electrolyte. The uniform and well-organized MnFe-LDH nanosheet electrode (MnFe-12h) showed the maximum areal capacitance of 2013 mFcm⁻² at a 5 mVs⁻¹ scan rate, and 1886 mFcm⁻² at a 25 mA applied current. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of MnFe-12h was examined by assembling an asymmetric cell device using activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode and MnFe-12h as a positive electrode and it was tested in a wide voltage window range of 0.0 to 1.6 V. This asymmetric cell device achieved an appropriate energy density of 44.9 µW h cm⁻² (55.01 W h kg⁻¹), with a power density of 16 mW cm⁻² (5000 W kg⁻¹) at an applied current of 10 mA, and had a long-term cycling stability (93% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles) within the 1.6 V operating voltage window. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes)

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